Evaluation of oilseed rape seed yield losses caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa in central China
Evaluation of oilseed rape seed yield losses caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa in central China
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DOI：
10.1007/s10658-017-1266-x
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Yang, Long
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cai, Xiang;Huang, Yongju;Yang, Long
油菜茎瘤溃疡病，由黄斑细球绦虫引起。大白脸病是一种全球性的重要疾病。中国冬季油菜出现了严重的瘤茎溃疡病症状，但造成的种子产量损失尚不清楚。2012年5月和2013年5月，在湖北省7个县分别调查了17种和13种作物。对有瘤状茎溃疡病症状的茎进行病原分离鉴定。通过培养形态和种特异性PCR鉴定出的菌株只有大叶乳杆菌；未发现黄斑乳杆菌。为了评估产量损失，对4个县的健康和患病植株以及接种盆栽试验植株进行了产量组成（单株分枝数、单株荚果数、1000粒重、每荚果数）的评估（3个品种的植株在绿芽期接种，在茎部第1和第2叶痕之间注射L. biglobosa分生孢子）。田间调查结果表明，病株枝条比健康株少14-61%，荚果比健康株少32-83%。2012年和2013年估计的种子产量损失分别为10% - 21%和13% - 37%。盆栽试验中，接种植株和对照植株的分枝数和荚果数无差异，但每荚果的种子数有差异。对3个受试品种，接种植株与对照相比产量损失达29-56%。本研究表明，大叶草在中国可能造成严重的种子产量损失。
Phoma stem canker of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), caused by Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa is a globally important disease. Severe phoma stem canker symptoms have been observed on winter oilseed rape in China but the seed yield loss caused by this disease remains unknown. In May 2012 and May 2013, 17 and 13 crops were surveyed, respectively, in seven counties of Hubei Province, central China. Stems with phoma stem canker disease symptoms were sampled for pathogen isolation and identification. Only L. biglobosa was identified by culture morphology and species-specific PCR; no L. maculans was found. To evaluate the yield losses, yield components (number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod) were assessed on healthy and diseased plants sampled from crops in four counties and on plants from inoculated pot experiments (plants of three cultivars were inoculated at the green bud stage by injecting L. biglobosa conidia into the stem between the first and second leaf scars). Results of the field surveys showed that diseased plants had 14-61% less branches and 32-83% less pods than healthy plants, respectively. The estimated seed yield loss varied from 10% to 21% and from 13% to 37% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In the pot experiments, there were no differences in numbers of branches or pods but there were differences in number of seeds per pod between inoculated and control plants. For the three cultivars tested, the inoculated plants had yield losses of 29-56% compared with the control. This study indicates that L. biglobosa could cause substantial seed yield loss in China.