Cocaine choice procedures in animals, humans, and treatment-seekers: Can we bridge the divide?
Cocaine choice procedures in animals, humans, and treatment-seekers: Can we bridge the divide?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2015.09.020
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stoops WW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moeller SJ;Stoops WW
可卡因使用障碍的个人长期自我管理可卡因，损害其他奖励活动，这种现象最好在实验室药物选择程序中建模。这些程序可以评估在多种行为安排和强化时间表下，药物与有价值的替代品的强化效果。然而，评估寻求治疗或戒烟人群的药物选择带来了独特的挑战：出于伦理原因，这些人群通常不能在研究期间接受活性药物。因此，研究人员需要依靠替代方法来近似药物选择行为或评估更一般的决策形式，但这些替代方法是否与现实世界的药物服用相关，可以为临床试验提供信息，目前还不清楚。在这篇简短的综述中，我们（A）总结了几个影响非人类动物和非寻求治疗的人类可卡因选择的重要调节变量;（B）讨论了如果寻求治疗的人参加药物选择研究可能会出现的一些伦理问题;（C）考虑替代程序的有效性，包括非药物相关的决策和“模拟”药物选择（做出选择，但不施用药物）以近似药物选择;和（D）建议新的翻译工作的机会，以弥合临床前和临床研究之间的现有鸿沟。
Individuals with cocaine use disorder chronically self-administer cocaine to the detriment of other rewarding activities, a phenomenon best modeled in laboratory drug-choice procedures. These procedures can evaluate the reinforcing effects of drugs versus comparably valuable alternatives under multiple behavioral arrangements and schedules of reinforcement. However, assessing drug-choice in treatment-seeking or abstaining humans poses unique challenges: for ethical reasons, these populations typically cannot receive active drugs during research studies. Researchers have thus needed to rely on alternative approaches that approximate drug-choice behavior or assess more general forms of decision-making, but whether these alternatives have relevance to real-world drug-taking that can inform clinical trials is not well-understood. In this mini-review, we (A) summarize several important modulatory variables that influence cocaine choice in nonhuman animals and non-treatment seeking humans; (B) discuss some of the ethical considerations that could arise if treatment-seekers are enrolled in drug-choice studies; (C) consider the efficacy of alternative procedures, including non-drug-related decision-making and ‘simulated’ drug-choice (a choice is made, but no drug is administered) to approximate drug choice; and (D) suggest opportunities for new translational work to bridge the current divide between preclinical and clinical research.