Timed excitatory conditioning under zero and negative contingencies
Timed excitatory conditioning under zero and negative contingencies
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.34.1.94
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mather, Amber A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Williams, Douglas A.;Lawson, Carla;Mather, Amber A.
大鼠(褐家鼠)期待食物颗粒无条件刺激(US)的到来，即使条件刺激(CS)没有整体变化或美国总发生率大幅下降。在包括一个固定时间目标US的CS中，以相同的速率(实验1)或比CS高4倍的速率(实验2和3)在试验间隔中概率地调度颗粒Us。据说，条件反射包括了解CS是否发出美国变化的信号，如果是的话，了解美国预定何时到达(连续)。我们的结果表明，“何时”胜过“是否”，挑战了接受的观点，即积极的CS-US偶然性对于成功的条件反射是必要的。
Rats (rattus norvegicus) anticipated the arrival of a food pellet unconditioned stimulus (US) even when the conditioned stimulus (CS) signaled no overall change or a substantial decrease in the overall rate of US occurrence. Pellet USs were scheduled probabilistically in the intertrial interval at either an equivalent rate (Experiment 1) or a four times higher rate (Experiments 2 and 3) than in the CS, which included one fixed-time target US. Conditioning has been said to involve learning "whether" (contingency) the CS signals a change in the US, and if so, "when" (contiguity) the US is scheduled to arrive. Our results suggest that "when" trumps "whether," challenging the received view that a positive CS-US contingency is necessary for successful conditioning.