Why and How of Understanding ‘Subjective’ Well-being: Exploratory work by the WeD group in four developing countries.
Why and How of Understanding ‘Subjective’ Well-being: Exploratory work by the WeD group in four developing countries.
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为什么以及如何理解“主观”福祉：WeD 小组在四个发展中国家的探索性工作。
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
L. Camfield
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作者：
L. Camfield
本文回顾了过去十年中在发展中国家开展的参与性研究，并将其结果与ESRC研究小组探索生活质量的发展中国家福利初始阶段的定性数据进行了对比。这项研究主要采用定性方法，确定孟加拉国、埃塞俄比亚、秘鲁和泰国这四个发展中国家主观生活质量或福祉的类别和组成部分。这种比较支持了这样一种观点，即一种更加开放的方法可以洞察人们如何理解、追求和维护他们的幸福。主观生活质量并不简单地等同于幸福，而是与人们认为重要的生活方面有关。例如，遵守宗教是生活美好和成为模范的一部分，但不是快乐记忆的来源，这表明将幸福视为“普遍目标”不足以捕捉人们的动机。人们的价值观和愿望是通过三个问题来确定的：“你什么时候最快乐？”“生活得好的女人或男人的特征是什么？”“谁是你最钦佩/尊敬的人或这个社区最好/模范的人？”答案揭示了许多共同点的网站和国家;例如，有良好的关系，与直系亲属和纳塔尔的家庭是普遍重要的（'相关性'）。它还揭示了文化差异;例如，“不唯物主义”只是泰国东北部“模范”人物的特征，可能是因为它与佛教“世界放弃者”的理想有关。从福祉而不是贫穷的角度来进行调查，使研究人员能够探索穷人拥有什么和能够做什么，而不是关注他们的赤字，这应该产生对人民生活的更可信和尊重的描述，为发展政策和实践提供信息。理想的结果是发展，为人们体验福祉创造条件，而不是破坏他们现有的战略。
The paper reviews participatory studies carried out in developing countries during the past decade and contrasts their findings with qualitative data from the initial phase of the Wellbeing in Developing Countries ESRC Research Group’s exploration of quality of life. This used primarily qualitative methods to establish the categories and components of subjective quality of life or wellbeing in four developing countries: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Thailand. The comparison supports the proposition that a more open-ended approach provides insight into how people understand, pursue, and preserve their wellbeing. Subjective quality of life was not simply equated with happiness, but related to the aspects of life people regarded as important. For example, observing religion was part of both living well and being a model person, but not a source of happy memories, which suggests that treating happiness as the ‘universal goal’ is not sufficient to capture people’s motivations. People’s values and aspirations were ascertained via three questions: ‘When were you happiest?’ ‘What are the characteristics of a woman or man who lives well?’ ‘Who are the people you most admire/ respect or the best/ model persons of this community?’ The answers revealed many commonalities across sites and countries; for example, having good relationships with immediate and natal family was universally important (‘relatedness’). It also revealed cultural differences; for example, ‘not being materialistic’ was only characteristic of a ‘model’ person in Northeast Thailand, possibly because of its link to the Buddhist ideal of the ‘world renouncer’. Framing the enquiry in terms of wellbeing rather than poverty enables researchers to explore what poor people have and are able to do, rather than focusing on their deficits, which should produce more credible and respectful representations of people’s lives to inform development policy and practice. The desired outcome is development that creates the conditions for people to experience wellbeing, rather than undermining their existing strategies.