Arable fields as potential reservoirs of biodiversity: Earthworm populations increase in new leys.
Arable fields as potential reservoirs of biodiversity: Earthworm populations increase in new leys.
复制标题
耕地作为生物多样性的潜在库：新地里的蚯蚓数量增加。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147880
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Prendergast-Miller MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Prendergast-Miller MT
管理土壤以支持生物多样性，对于维持社会赖以生存的土壤所提供的生态系统服务十分重要。越来越多的证据表明，土壤生物群的功能多样性对于生态系统服务是重要的，并且已经被集约农业退化。重要的是，人们对农田及其周围土壤生物群储藏库的空间分布知之甚少。在田间试验中，在连续集约/常规轮作10多年的4块农田中引入了草三叶条带。在耕地转土地后的两年多时间里，监测了耕地和新建立的草三叶草地中的蚯蚓群落，以及农田边界土地使用情况(树篱和草地边缘)。在2年内，新莱县的蚯蚓丰度为732±244条m−2，与田间边缘土壤(619±355条m−2yr−1)相近，是邻近耕地土壤(185±132条−2)的4倍。相对于耕地土壤，新莱茵的蚯蚓丰度表现出群落组成、结构和功能群的变化，这与厌食蚯蚓的增加尤其相关；因此，新莱茵变得更接近于草地边缘。新莱伊的蚯蚓丰度相似，要么连接到生物多样性水库，即田野边缘和树篱，要么没有连接(安装了蚯蚓屏障)。这表明，对于典型农田中的蚯蚓群落来说，邻近农田边缘和树篱中的生物多样性水库可能不是蚯蚓数量增加的关键。我们得出的结论是，在过去两年中观察到的新莱斯地区蚯蚓丰度的增加是由耕地土壤中现有剩余种群的补充推动的。因此，耕地也是生物多样性的潜在储藏库。
Managing soil to support biodiversity is important to sustain the ecosystem services provided by soils upon which society depends. There is increasing evidence that functional diversity of soil biota is important for ecosystem services, and has been degraded by intensive agriculture. Importantly, the spatial distribution of reservoirs of soil biota in and surrounding arable fields is poorly understood. In a field experiment, grass-clover ley strips were introduced into four arable fields which had been under continuous intensive/conventional arable rotation for more than 10 years. Earthworm communities in arable fields and newly established grass-clover leys, as well as field boundary land uses (hedgerows and grassy field margins), were monitored over 2 years after arable-to-ley conversions. Within 2 years, earthworm abundance in new leys was 732 ± 244 earthworms m−2, similar to that in field margin soils (619 ± 355 earthworms m−2yr−1) and four times higher than in adjacent arable soil (185 ± 132 earthworms m−2). Relative to the arable soils, earthworm abundance under the new leys showed changes in community composition, structure and functional group, which were particularly associated with an increase in anecic earthworms; thus new leys became more similar to grassy field margins. Earthworm abundance was similar in new leys that were either connected to biodiversity reservoirs i.e. field margins and hedgerows, or not (installed earthworm barriers). This suggests that, for earthworm communities in typical arable fields, biodiversity reservoirs in adjacent field margins and hedgerows may not be critical for earthworm populations to increase. We conclude that the increase in earthworm abundance in the new leys observed over 2 years was driven by recruitment from the existing residual population in arable soils. Therefore, arable soils are also potential reservoirs of biodiversity.