Escherichia coli physiology and metabolism dictates adaptation to diverse host microenvironments.
Escherichia coli physiology and metabolism dictates adaptation to diverse host microenvironments.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mib.2011.12.004
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Mobley HL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alteri CJ;Mobley HL
细菌在宿主体内的生长是致病的必要条件。为了成功地在体内生长，病原体已经适应了它们的代谢，以便在特定的宿主微环境中进行复制。这些适应性反映了寄主生态位的营养成分、细菌间对碳和能量来源的竞争以及面对杀菌防御机制的生存。大肠杆菌的一个亚群可引起尿路感染、菌血症、败血症和脑膜炎，在营养丰富、富含碳的人类肠道中作为无害的共生菌生长，但在营养较差、富含氮的尿路中迅速转变为致病性生活方式。我们讨论了细菌的适应性，允许肠外致病性大肠杆菌建立共生关联和毒力，因为细菌在同一个体内不同的微环境之间转移。
Bacterial growth in the host is required for pathogenesis. To successfully grow in vivo, pathogens have adapted their metabolism to replicate in specific host microenvironments. These adaptations reflect the nutritional composition of their host niches, inter-bacterial competition for carbon and energy sources, and survival in the face of bactericidal defense mechanisms. A sub-group of Escherichia coli, which cause urinary tract infection, bacteremia, sepsis, and meningitis, have adapted to grow as a harmless commensal in the nutrient-replete, carbon-rich human intestine but rapidly transition to pathogenic lifestyle in the nutritionally poorer, nitrogen-rich urinary tract. We discuss bacterial adaptations that allow extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli to establish both commensal associations and virulence as the bacterium transits between disparate microenvironments within the same individual.