Infants Prefer Female Body Phenotypes; Infant Girls Prefer They Have an Hourglass Shape.
Infants Prefer Female Body Phenotypes; Infant Girls Prefer They Have an Hourglass Shape.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00804
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hirshkowitz A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexander GM;Hawkins LB;Wilcox T;Hirshkowitz A
青少年和成年人对男性和女性体型的偏好与生殖健康和择偶的进化理论一致。然而，当这些对细腰女性的偏好（即，0.7腰臀比）和宽肩男性（即，介晶体型）在生命周期中出现的情况在很大程度上是未知的。为了解决这一知识缺口，在计算机呈现三维人体特征的过程中，对146名婴儿（3-18个月大）的眼球运动进行了跟踪，这些人体特征被认为与生殖成功有关（例如，第二性征、腰臀比）。当呈现一对明显性别不同的人物时，男性和女性婴儿看女性人物的时间明显长于男性人物，这一新发现扩展了先前的研究，表明婴儿期对女性面孔的偏好。当呈现与配偶价值相关的特征不同的同性人物时，男性和女性婴儿看低配偶价值男性的时间更长（即，内变型体型）与高交配价值雄性（即，一种介晶体型），这一发现重复了以前的研究结果。此外，高和低配偶值的女性图形的新颖使用显示了视觉注意力的性别差异，例如，与低配偶女性图形相比，女婴看高配偶值女性图形的时间更长，而男婴则显示出相反的结果模式。总而言之，这些发现表明婴儿通常不喜欢成人定义的有吸引力的男性体形。然而，女婴对成年人偏爱的腰臀比的女性形象的更多关注增加了一种可能性，即对0.7腰臀比的进化偏好影响了女孩后来对沙漏形女性玩具的偏好，这可能支持了成年人社会行为的阐述，这些行为提高了生殖成功率（例如，合作育种）。
Adolescents and adults show preferences for male and female body shapes consistent with evolutionary theories of reproductive fitness and mate selection. However, when these preferences for females with narrow waists (i.e., 0.7 waist-to-hip ratio) and men with broad shoulders (i.e., mesomorphic body shape) emerge during the lifespan is largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, eye-movements were tracked in 146 infants (3–18 months of age) during computer presentation of three-dimensional human figures varying in body features thought relevant for reproductive success (e.g., secondary sex characteristics, waist-to-hip ratio). When presented with pairs of figures differing in apparent sex, male and female infants looked significantly longer at the female figure compared to the male figure, a new finding that extends previous research showing preferences for female faces in infancy. When presented with same-sex figures differing in characteristics associated with mate value, male and female infants looked longer at a low mate value male (i.e., an endomorphic body type) compared to a high mate value male (i.e., a mesomorphic body type), a finding that replicates the results of previous research. In addition, the novel use of high and low mate value female figures showed a sex difference in visual attention, such that female infants looked longer at the high mate value female figure compared to the low mate female figure whereas male infants showed the opposite pattern of results. In sum, these findings suggest that infants generally do not possess preferences for adult-defined attractive male body shapes. However, infant girls’ greater attention to a female figure with an adult-preferred waist-to-hip ratio raises the possibility that evolved preferences for 0.7 waist-to-hip ratio influence girls’ later preference for toys representing females with an hourglass shape, perhaps supporting elaboration of adult social behaviors that enhance reproductive success (e.g., cooperative breeding).