Capture thread extensibility of orb-weaving spiders: testing punctuated and associative explanations of character evolution
Capture thread extensibility of orb-weaving spiders: testing punctuated and associative explanations of character evolution
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb00203.x
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Bond, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Opell, BD;Bond, JE
蜘蛛圆网包含粘性猎物捕获线和非粘性支持线。原始的恐蛛总科圆织蛛能制造出由数千根丝原纤维组成的干燥筛状线，这些丝原纤维围绕着支撑轴向纤维，而现代圆蛛总科圆织蛛的粘性线则能制造出带有水溶液的粘性线，这些水溶液在轴向纤维周围凝聚成液滴。我们以前已经表明，蜘蛛总科的更大的多样性在遗传学上是重要的，并将这种差异归因于一些优势，被认为是关键的创新，即粘性线超过筛状线。科勒和沃尔拉斯在1995年的研究中证明了粘性线的一个重要的假定优势是其更大的延展性，这一特征使其更好地适应吸收猎物撞击的动能。然而，这一结论是基于两个物种的比较，没有利用现代的比较方法，需要hypothese进行测试，在系统发育的背景下。使用转换分析，检查线程产生的9个物种，我们的研究发现没有支持标点的解释，粘合线具有更大的可扩展性比筛线。相反，它强烈支持关联零假设，即捕获线程的可扩展性被调整到蜘蛛质量和网络的架构特征，包括其捕获面积，捕获信号间隔和每半径的捕获面积。(C)2000年，伦敦林奈学会。
Spider orb-webs contain sticky prey capture threads and non-sticky support threads. Primitive orb-weavers of the Deinopoidea produce dry cribellar threads made of thousands of silk fibrils that surround supporting axial fibres, whereas the viscous threads of modern Araneoidea orb-weavers produce adhesive threads with an aqueous solution that coalesces as droplets around the axial fibres. We have previously shown that the greater diversity of the Araneoidea is phylogenetically significant and attributed this disparity to a number of advantages, considered key innovations, that adhesive thread has over cribellar thread. An important putative advantage of adhesive thread demonstrated by Kohler and Vollrath in their 1995 study is its greater extensibility, a feature that better adapts it to absorb the kinetic energy of a prey strike. However, this conclusion is based on a two-species comparison that does not take advantage of the modern comparative method that requires hypothese to be tested in a phylogenetic context. Using a transformational analysis to examine threads produced by nine species, our study finds no support for the punctuated explanation that adhesive thread has a greater extensibility than cribellar thread. Instead, it strongly supports the associative null hypothesis that capture thread extensibility is tuned to spider mass and to architectural features of the web, including its capture area, capture signal spacing and capture area per radius. (C) 2000 The Linnean Society of London.