Endobenthic Organisms Exposed to Chronically High Chloride from Groundwater Discharging along Freshwater Urban Streams and Lakeshores.
Endobenthic Organisms Exposed to Chronically High Chloride from Groundwater Discharging along Freshwater Urban Streams and Lakeshores.
复制标题
内生生物长期暴露于淡水城市溪流和湖岸地下水排放中的高氯化物中。
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b02288
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
J. W. Roy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. W. Roy
氯化物，特别是来自道路盐，是温带气候下城市地下水中最普遍的污染物之一。向淡水生态系统排放含氯地下水可能会对（埋藏在沉积物中的）底栖生物造成更大的风险，因为这些生物在被上覆水稀释之前可能会达到高浓度。然而，现有的接触数据有限。这里介绍的是来自加拿大15个城市站点的22个氯化物数据集，包括主要在夏季和秋季收集的>1300个浅层排放地下水样本。超过一半的站点的平均氯化物浓度高于长期水生生物指南（120 mg/L），而每个站点的样本中平均有14%超过短期指南（640 mg/L）。在相邻地点之间（大多数间隔小于20米），氯化物浓度经常变化很大（甚至>1000毫克/升），表明接触情况不均匀。氯化物-溴化物比率、人工甜味剂和其他示踪剂表明，主要来自道路用盐，在某些地点，废水和垃圾渗滤液也很重要。总体而言，这些浓度超过了在类似气候条件下城市威尔斯水井和溪流（即使在融雪期）中通常报告的浓度。这些研究结果表明，浅层地下水中氯化物浓度高，主要来自道路盐，对寒冷地区国家城市地表沃茨的底栖生物构成长期威胁。
Chloride, especially from road salt, is one of the most ubiquitous contaminants of urban groundwater in temperate climates. The discharge of chloride-laden groundwater to freshwater ecosystems may pose a heightened risk to endobenthic organisms (buried in sediments), which may experience high concentrations prior to dilution from the overlying water. However, available exposure data is limited. Presented here are 22 chloride data sets from 15 urban sites across Canada, encompassing >1300 samples of shallow discharging groundwater collected principally during summer-autumn. Over half of the sites had an average chloride concentration above the long-term aquatic life guideline (120 mg/L), while 14% of each site's samples, on average, surpassed the short-term guideline (640 mg/L). Chloride concentrations frequently varied substantially (even >1000 mg/L) between adjacent locations (mostly <20-m separation), indicating patchy exposure. Chloride - bromide ratios, artificial sweeteners, and other tracers, suggest a predominant contribution from road salt, with wastewater and landfill leachate important at some sites. Overall, these concentrations exceed those typically reported for urban wells and streams (even during the snowmelt period) in similar climates. These findings suggest that high chloride concentrations in shallow groundwater, largely from road salt, present a long-term threat to endobenthic organisms of urban surface waters in cold-region countries.