Body Size Diversification in Anolis: Novel Environment and Island Effects
Body Size Diversification in Anolis: Novel Environment and Island Effects
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Anolis 的体型多样化：新环境和岛屿效应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Albert B. Phillimore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Thomas;Shai Meiri;Albert B. Phillimore
许多岛屿类群的极端形态表明岛屿具有影响进化节奏和模式的不寻常特性。然而，岛屿性本身是否促进表型快速进化仍然很大程度上未经检验。我们扩展了系统发育比较方法来测试新环境与孤立性对安乐蜥体型和性体型二态性多样化率的影响。小岛屿和大陆物种的体型多样化率与大安的列斯群岛的变色蜥蜴物种相似。然而，殖民小岛屿和大陆的大安的列斯群岛类群在生态上是非随机的：与大岛姐妹类群相比，小岛屿和大陆物种的体型多样化率较高。此外，与所有大岛和大陆谱系相比，小岛上的性别大小二态性多样化率较高。我们认为，多样化选择的增加，特别是生态释放的结果，可能会推动小岛屿和大陆新环境中体型多样化的高比率。相比之下，介导种内资源竞争和雄性间竞争的高丰度（在小岛蜥蜴群落中普遍存在）可能解释了为什么小岛蜥蜴谱系中的性别大小二态性比其大陆和大岛亲属之间的差异更快。
Extreme morphologies of many insular taxa suggest that islands have unusual properties that influence the tempo and mode of evolution. Yet whether insularity per se promotes rapid phenotypic evolution remains largely untested. We extend a phylogenetic comparative approach to test the influence of novel environments versus insularity on rates of body size and sexual size dimorphism diversification in Anolis. Rates of body size diversification among small-island and mainland species were similar to those of anole species on the Greater Antilles. However, the Greater Antilles taxa that colonized small islands and the mainland are ecologically nonrandom: rates of body size diversification among small-island and mainland species are high compared to their large-island sister taxa. Furthermore, rates of diversification in sexual size dimorphism on small islands are high compared to all large-island and mainland lineages. We suggest that elevated diversifying selection, particularly as a result of ecological release, may drive high rates of body size diversification in both small-island and mainland novel environments. In contrast, high abundance (prevalent among small-island lizard communities) mediating intraspecific resource competition and male—male competition may explain why sexual size dimorphism diversifies faster among small-island lineages than among their mainland and large-island relatives.