LOCAL AND REGIONAL SEDIMENT CHARCOAL EVIDENCE FOR FIRE REGIMES IN PRESETTLEMENT NORTH-EASTERN NORTH AMERICA
LOCAL AND REGIONAL SEDIMENT CHARCOAL EVIDENCE FOR FIRE REGIMES IN PRESETTLEMENT NORTH-EASTERN NORTH AMERICA
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北美东北部定居点前火灾区域的当地和区域沉积物木炭证据
DOI：
10.2307/2261199
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
P. Royall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Clark;P. Royall
1由于缺乏相关的历史或古生态数据，人们对北美东北部的定居前火灾制度及其对气候、燃料和文化模式的依赖知之甚少。沉积物木炭积累的年度记录是从过去2000年的七个地点收集的，代表了重要的气候、植被和文化背景。结果在不同地点和不同印度文化的变化中进行了比较，以确定火灾模式是否可以由这些变量中的一个或多个来解释。2明显可以解释的火灾仅限于我们研究区域的西部(最干燥的)明尼苏达州的松林硬木，威斯康星州北部硬木林区的一场火灾，以及安大略省南部易洛魁人村庄附近的文化火灾。北部硬木和硬木-铁杉森林的其他地点没有明显的火灾证据。光谱分析表明，地方火灾制度与区域火灾制度背道而驰。3我们的解释表明，火灾之间的间隔时间比之前的沉淀物木炭研究报告的要长得多。我们没有在混交林中发现火灾的证据，在那里人们推测可能需要火灾来补充橡树，这表明需要进一步的分析。4威斯康星州北部的一个地点是唯一显示木炭明显增加的阿尔冈金地点，这表明当地发生了火灾。阿尔冈昆人使用火狩猎可能并没有影响我们的遗址。苏族领土上的一个遗址经历了如此频繁的火灾，以至于文化影响并不明显，即使在18世纪苏族被奇佩瓦人(阿尔冈昆人)取代时也是如此。易洛魁人的两个地点中有一个在占领期间木炭明显增加。第二个地点附近可能没有定居点。
1 Presettlement fire regimes in north-eastern North America and their dependence on climate, fuels, and cultural patterns are poorly understood due to lack of relevant historic or palaeoecological data. Annual records of sediment charcoal accumulation were compiled from seven sites spanning the last 2000 years and representing important climate, vegetation, and cultural settings. Results were compared across sites and across changes in Indian cultures to determine whether fire patterns might be explained by one or more of these variables. 2 Clearly interpretable fires were restricted to the western (most xeric) portion of our study region in Pine Hardwoods of Minnesota, a single fire in Northern Hardwoods of northern Wisconsin, and cultural burning near an Iroquois village in southern Ontario. Other sites in Northern Hardwoods and Hardwood-Hemlock forests did not show clear evidence of fire. Spectral analysis suggested instances in which local fire regimes departed from regional ones. 3 Our interpretation suggests substantially longer intervals between fires than reported in previous sediment charcoal studies. We did not find evidence for fire in mixed oak forests, where it has been speculated that fire might be necessary for oak recruitment, suggesting need for further analysis. 4 A single site in northern Wisconsin was the only Algonquin site showing a clear increase in charcoal suggesting local fire. Algonquin use of fire for hunting may not have affected our sites. A single site in Sioux territory experienced such frequent fire that cultural effects were not evident, even when Sioux were replaced by Chippewa (Algonquin) in the 18th century. One of two Iroquois sites showed clear increases in charcoal during occupation. The second site may not have had settlements nearby.