Orbiviruses
Orbiviruses
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-15-0402-0_8
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sushila Maan;M. Belaganahalli;N. S. Maan;H. Attoui;P. Mertens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sushila Maan;M. Belaganahalli;N. S. Maan;H. Attoui;P. Mertens
呼肠孤病毒科（Reoviridae）包括15个属，其中环状病毒属（Orbivirus）是目前分类的最大属，它包括蓝舌病毒（Orbivirus）型种、27种以蓝舌病毒为模式种的病毒和8种目前尚未分类的环状病毒。除了少数例外，环状病毒感染蜱、蚊子、库蠓或其他吸血昆虫媒介如白蛉，并在蜱、蚊子、库蠓或其他吸血昆虫媒介中复制和传播。它们共同感染各种脊椎动物宿主物种，包括人类、驯养和野生反刍动物、猫科动物、犬科动物、马科动物、有袋动物、树懒、蝙蝠和鸟类。蓝舌病毒（BTV）、流行性出血性疾病病毒（EHDV）和非洲马瘟病毒（AHSV）是经济上最重要的环状病毒，这是基于它们对以反刍动物为基础的畜牧业（BTV和EHDV）和主要在非洲的马（AHSV）的全球影响。完整的基因组序列是目前可获得的27种正式认可的Orbivirus，一个完整的参考数据库和全面的系统发育分析，为整个genusOrbivirus，以进一步了解这些病毒的分类关系，流行病学，复制机制和进化过程。系统发育树显示了环状病毒根据其载体分组的分支模式，支持它们通过“共同物种形成”与其载体一起进化的假设。这些分析有助于识别新的环状病毒物种，并将以前未分类的病毒归类为现有物种。生物信息学分析表明，环状病毒的进化速度比其他RNA虫媒病毒和非载体携带的呼肠孤病毒慢。
The familyReoviridaecontains 15 genera with the genusOrbivirusbeing the largest of the currently classified ones.It containsBluetongue virus(theOrbivirustype species), 27 virus species withbluetongue virusas type species and (at least) 8 currently unclassified ‘orbiviruses’. With a few exceptions, the orbiviruses infect, replicate in and are transmitted by ticks, mosquitoes,Culicoidesor other blood-sucking insect vectors like phlebotomine flies. Collectively, they infect a varied vertebrate host species, including humans, domesticated and wild ruminants, felines, canines, equines, marsupials, sloths, bats and birds. Bluetongue virus (BTV), epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) are the most economically important orbiviruses, based on their global impact on ruminant-based livestock industries (BTV and EHDV), and on horses primarily in Africa (AHSV). Complete genome sequences are currently accessible for 27 formally recognised species ofOrbivirus, a complete reference database and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for the entire genusOrbivirus, to further appreciate the taxonomic relationships, epidemiology, replication mechanisms and evolutionary process of these viruses. The phylogenetic trees show branching patterns of orbiviruses as per their vector grouping, supporting the assumption that they have evolved with their vectors through ‘co-speciation’. These analyses helped identification of novelOrbivirusspecies and grouped the previously unclassified viruses into existing species. The bioinformatic analyses suggest that the evolution of orbiviruses has occurred at a slower rate than other RNA arboviruses and non-vector-borne reoviruses.