Breeding of an elite Laminaria variety 90-1 through inter-specific gametophyte crossing
Breeding of an elite Laminaria variety 90-1 through inter-specific gametophyte crossing
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DOI：
10.1007/s10811-006-9137-4
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Yang, Guan-Pin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang, Quan-Sheng;Tang, Xue-Xi;Yang, Guan-Pin
长海带与早厚城1号（海带的商品品种）在形态特征和生物学习性上存在一定差异。据推测，通过杂交培育的品种应表现出高产潜力，并耐受相对较高的海水温度。雌配子体克隆从L。longissima与早猴城1号雄性无性系杂交。海带品种90-1是通过配子体杂交、连续自交、选育而成。该品种是遗传纯合的，最后两轮选择的叶片长、宽、厚变异指数为7-8%，即，没有显著差异。品种90-1生长快，组织损失少，产量潜力高于两个广泛使用的商业品种。japonica（目前在中国使用的所有商业品种都来自后者）。90-1的叶片在整个培养期间平均增长3.71 cm/d，几乎是两个对照的两倍，即使海水温度高于18 ℃-比其他海带品种耐受的温度高3 ℃，也能保持生长。品种90-1比两个对照增产70%以上，并合成了理想量的碘、甘露醇和褐藻胶。在叶片长度上，品种90-1与L. longissima比L. japonica，但与L.粳稻的叶片宽度和厚度。自1999年采用90-1品种以来，其栽培面积逐年增加，目前已达到7,000公顷，几乎占中国海带总种植面积的三分之一。90-1的选育表明，利用海带不同种的配子体进行杂交，结合连续自交和选择，培育海带优良品种是可行的。
Laminaria longissima and Zaohoucheng No. 1 (a commercial variety selected from Laminaria japonica) differ to a certain extent in their morphological characteristics and biological habits. It was assumed that varieties bred through their hybridization should exhibit high yield potential and tolerate relatively high seawater temperatures. Female gametophyte clones isolated from L. longissima were crossed with male clones isolated from Zaohoucheng No. 1. Laminaria variety 90-1 was obtained after gametophyte crossing, continuous self-crossing and selection. This variety was genetically homozygous; the indices of variation of blade length, width and thickness of the final two selection cycles were 7-8%; i.e., not different significantly. Variety 90-1 grew faster, lost less tissue and had higher yield potential than two widely used commercial varieties of L. japonica (all commercial varieties currently used in China originate from this latter species). The blade of variety 90-1 increased 3.71 cm day(-1) on average during the whole period of cultivation, almost twofold that of two controls, and growth was maintained even when seawater temperature was higher than 18 C-3 degrees C higher than the temperature tolerated by other Laminaria varieties. Variety 90-1 increased yield by more than 70% over two controls and also synthesized desirable amounts of iodine, mannitol and algin. In blade length, variety 90-1 was more similar to L. longissima than to L. japonica, but more similar to L. japonica in blade width and thickness. Since the adoption of variety 90-1 in 1999, its culturing area has increased each year to reach its current area of 7,000 ha, i.e., almost one-third of the total cultivation acreage of Laminaria in China. Breeding of variety 90-1 has demonstrated that it is feasible to develop elite Laminaria varieties by crossing gametophytes from different Laminaria species in combination with successive self-crossing and selection.