Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic-wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions
Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic-wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1411623112
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发表时间：
2015-02-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lembo, Tiziana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Viana, Mafalda;Cleaveland, Sarah;Lembo, Tiziana
麻疹病毒引起许多具有医学和兽医重要性的疾病，虽然有些疾病（如麻疹和牛瘟）已得到成功控制，但其他疾病，如犬瘟热病毒（CDV），正日益引起人们的关注。宿主转换的倾向导致CDV在包括濒危野生动物在内的新物种中出现，给多物种群落的疾病控制带来了挑战。CDV通常与家养狗有关，但人们对其在物种丰富地区的维持和传播知之甚少，也不知道家养狗接种疫苗作为减少疾病对野生动物威胁的一种手段的潜在作用。我们通过分析来自坦桑尼亚塞伦盖蒂生态系统的狮子和家犬的CDV长期血清学数据集来解决这些问题。使用贝叶斯状态空间模型，我们表明CDV的动态在过去三十年中发生了很大变化。最初，狗的CDV感染高峰先于狮子，这表明狗的外溢是野生动物感染的主要驱动因素。然而，尽管狗到狮子的传播主导了跨物种传播模式，但狮子的感染高峰比狗的感染高峰更加频繁和不同步，这表明其他野生动物物种可能在潜在的复杂维护群落中发挥作用。广泛大规模的家犬疫苗接种降低了犬类感染的可能性和疫情的规模，但并不能防止向狮子传播或在狮子中出现感染高峰。这项研究证明了自然生态系统中CDV动态的复杂性，以及研究传播模式和评估疾病控制策略的长期、大规模数据集的价值。
Morbilliviruses cause many diseases of medical and veterinary importance, and although some (e. g., measles and rinderpest) have been controlled successfully, others, such as canine distemper virus (CDV), are a growing concern. A propensity for host-switching has resulted in CDV emergence in new species, including endangered wildlife, posing challenges for controlling disease in multispecies communities. CDV is typically associated with domestic dogs, but little is known about its maintenance and transmission in species-rich areas or about the potential role of domestic dog vaccination as a means of reducing disease threats to wildlife. We address these questions by analyzing a long-term serological dataset of CDV in lions and domestic dogs from Tanzania's Serengeti ecosystem. Using a Bayesian state-space model, we show that dynamics of CDV have changed considerably over the past three decades. Initially, peaks of CDV infection in dogs preceded those in lions, suggesting that spill-over from dogs was the main driver of infection in wildlife. However, despite dog-to-lion transmission dominating cross-species transmission models, infection peaks in lions became more frequent and asynchronous from those in dogs, suggesting that other wildlife species may play a role in a potentially complex maintenance community. Widespread mass vaccination of domestic dogs reduced the probability of infection in dogs and the size of outbreaks but did not prevent transmission to or peaks of infection in lions. This study demonstrates the complexity of CDV dynamics in natural ecosystems and the value of long-term, large-scale datasets for investigating transmission patterns and evaluating disease control strategies.