Leptospira Serovars for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Humans and Animals in Africa: Common Leptospira Isolates and Reservoir Hosts.
Leptospira Serovars for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Humans and Animals in Africa: Common Leptospira Isolates and Reservoir Hosts.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004251
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Belmain SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mgode GF;Machang'u RS;Mhamphi GG;Katakweba A;Mulungu LS;Durnez L;Leirs H;Hartskeerl RA;Belmain SR
非洲人类和动物的钩端螺旋体病负担高于世界其他地区的报道。然而，这种疾病在非洲大陆并未得到常规诊断。限制诊断的主要因素之一是当地循环的钩端螺旋体血清型活分离株的可用性较差，无法纳入用于检测钩端螺旋体病抗体的金标准显微凝集试验（MAT）的抗原组中。为了深入了解坦桑尼亚的钩端螺旋体血清型及其自然宿主，同时通过纳入新鲜的当地分离株来改进 MAT，从 1996 年至 2006 年间从小型哺乳动物、牛和猪收集的新鲜尿液和肾匀浆中获得了总共 52 个钩端螺旋体分离株。通过血清分型、交叉凝集吸收试验（CAAT）和分子分型来鉴定分离株。常见的钩端螺旋体血清型及其各自的动物宿主是：Sokoine（牛和啮齿动物）；肯尼亚（啮齿动物和鼩鼱）； Mwogolo（啮齿动物）；劳拉（啮齿动物）；群健（啮齿动物）； Grippotyphosa 血清群（牛）；以及来自猪的未知血清群。将当地血清型（特别是 Sokoine 血清型）纳入 MAT 中显示，坦桑尼亚的钩端螺旋体病患病率增加了 10 倍，啮齿类动物中钩端螺旋体病患病率从 1.9% 增加到 16.9%，人类中钩端螺旋体病患病率从 0.26% 增加到 10.75%。这表明当地血清型可用于坦桑尼亚和其他非洲国家人类和动物钩端螺旋体病的诊断。钩端螺旋体病在非洲的人类和多种动物中广泛传播。然而，钩端螺旋体病却被高度忽视，几乎在整个非洲的医学院和兽医学校都没有广泛教授。从非洲分离出来的活钩端螺旋体用于通过金标准显微凝集试验（MAT）进行诊断也是一个主要问题。这项研究报告了当地的钩端螺旋体血清型及其由不同动物物种组成的自然宿主，用于非洲钩端螺旋体病的诊断。从新鲜尿液和肾脏中总共分离出 52 株钩端螺旋体。非洲巨袋鼠（Cricetomys sp.）和食虫鼩鼱（Crocidura sp.）的钩端螺旋体分离成功率最高。这些是通过血清分型、交叉凝集吸收试验和分子分型来鉴定的。常见的钩端螺旋体血清型及其各自的动物有： Sokoine 血清型（牛和啮齿动物）；肯尼亚（啮齿动物和鼩鼱）； Mwogolo（啮齿动物）；劳拉（啮齿动物）； Canicola（啮齿动物）； Grippotyphosa（牛）；以及来自猪的未知血清群。将当地血清型 Sokoine 纳入血清诊断后发现，啮齿动物中钩端螺旋体病的患病率增加了 10 倍，从 1.9% 增加到 16.9%，在人类中从 0.26% 增加到 10.75%。未来非洲钩端螺旋体病的血清诊断应包括这些血清型以及 Hardjo、Hebdomadis、Pomona 和其他当地分离株血清型。
The burden of leptospirosis in humans and animals in Africa is higher than that reported from other parts of the world. However, the disease is not routinely diagnosed in the continent. One of major factors limiting diagnosis is the poor availability of live isolates of locally circulating Leptospira serovars for inclusion in the antigen panel of the gold standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for detecting antibodies against leptospirosis. To gain insight in Leptospira serovars and their natural hosts occurring in Tanzania, concomitantly enabling the improvement of the MAT by inclusion of fresh local isolates, a total of 52 Leptospira isolates were obtained from fresh urine and kidney homogenates, collected between 1996 and 2006 from small mammals, cattle and pigs. Isolates were identified by serogrouping, cross agglutination absorption test (CAAT), and molecular typing. Common Leptospira serovars with their respective animal hosts were: Sokoine (cattle and rodents); Kenya (rodents and shrews); Mwogolo (rodents); Lora (rodents); Qunjian (rodent); serogroup Grippotyphosa (cattle); and an unknown serogroup from pigs. Inclusion of local serovars particularly serovar Sokoine in MAT revealed a 10-fold increase in leptospirosis prevalence in Tanzania from 1.9% to 16.9% in rodents and 0.26% to 10.75% in humans. This indicates that local serovars are useful for diagnosis of human and animal leptospirosis in Tanzania and other African countries. Leptospirosis disease is widespread in humans and broad range of animal species in Africa. However, leptospirosis is highly neglected and not extensively taught in both medical and veterinary schools almost across Africa. Availability of live leptospires isolated from Africa for use in its diagnosis by the gold standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is also a major problem. This study reports on local Leptospira serovars and their natural hosts consisting of different animal species, for inclusion in diagnosis of leptospirosis in Africa. A total of 52 Leptospira isolates were obtained from fresh urine and kidneys. African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys sp.) and insectivore shrew species (Crocidura sp.) had the highest leptospires isolation success. These were identified by serogrouping, cross-agglutination absorption test and molecular typing. Common Leptospira serovars with their respective animals were: serovar Sokoine (cattle and rodents); Kenya (rodents and shrews); Mwogolo (rodents); Lora (rodents); Canicola (rodents); Grippotyphosa (cattle); and an unknown serogroup from pigs. Inclusion of local serovar Sokoine in serodiagnosis revealed a 10-fold increase in leptospirosis prevalence from 1.9% to 16.9% in rodents and 0.26% to 10.75% in humans. Future serodiagnosis of leptospirosis in Africa should include these serovars and serovar Hardjo, Hebdomadis, Pomona and other local isolates.