The effect of early human contact and the separation method from the dam on responses of beef calves to humans
The effect of early human contact and the separation method from the dam on responses of beef calves to humans
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2009.05.011
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Egal, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boivin, Xavier;Gilard, Francois;Egal, David
该实验的目的是评估早期人类接触和与水坝的分离方法对小牛与人类未来关系的影响，并研究水坝反应和小牛反应之间的关系。将 33 只 2-4 天大、在户外饲养的 Salers 小牛根据性别和出生日期分为 3 周的治疗组。第 1 组（与水坝长时间分离并与人接触：LS + H；n = 11）每天与水坝分离 8 小时，并进行 5 分钟的单独抚摸；第 2 组（与母牛短暂分离并与人类接触：SS + H；n = 11）经历了 1 小时的分离和与 LS + H 犊牛相同量的人类接触。第 3 组（与水坝短暂分离且没有人类接触：SS - H；n = 11）是对照组，其分离时间与 SS + H 相同，但没有抚摸。在 3、15 和 45 周龄时，这些小牛在标准竞技场测试 (AT) 中接受了测试，其中依次将它们单独放置（2 分钟）、与静止的人类一起放置（5 分钟）、以及让人类接近并触摸它们（2 分钟）。在第 15 周和第 45 周时，还对小牛进行了标准顺从性测试（DT：约束测试）。母坝在产犊前 2 个月也进行了 DT 测试。通过 Mann-Whitney 检验和 Spearman 相关性进行的数据分析表明，小牛与织布分离的时间没有显着影响。 3周龄治疗后，接受抚摸的犊牛（LS + H 和 SS + H）比对照犊牛（SS - H，P < 0.01）更不动，更愿意接受人类接触（AT：触摸）。在 45 周龄时，与未抚摸的犊牛 (SS - H) 相比，接受抚摸的犊牛在人类接近时一动不动的时间也明显更长 (P < 0.05)，这表明效果是持久的。然而，这种效应并没有在记录的其他行为标准（例如，人类接触的持续时间或顺从评分）上重现。在不同的测试和不同的年龄，母牛的温顺得分与被抚摸的小牛而非未被抚摸的小牛表现出的对人类的行为显着相关（高达 0.7，P < 0.01）（SS - H）。我们的研究结果表明，在幼年时额外的人类接触，而不是与母牛分离的持续时间，可能有利于人与动物的关系，但这只适用于温顺的母牛所生的小牛。 (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of early human contact and of the separation method from the dam on the future relationships of calves with humans, and to investigate the relationship between dam responses and calf responses. Thirty-three Salers calves aged 2-4 days old and reared outdoors were split into 3-week treatments balanced according to sex and birth dates. Group 1 (long separation from the dam and human contact: LS + H; n = 11) underwent 8 h of separation from the dam per day and 5 min of individual stroking; group 2 (short separation from the dam and human contact: SS + H; n = 11) underwent I h of separation and the same amount of human contact as LS + H calves. Group 3 (short separation from the dam and no human contact: SS - H; n = 11) was a control group undergoing the same duration of separation as SS + H but without stroking. At 3, 15 and 45 weeks of age, the calves were tested in a standard arena test (AT) where they were successively left alone (2 min), left with a stationary human (5 min), and left with a human approaching and touching them (2 min). At 15 and 45 weeks, the calves were also tested with the standard docility test (DT: test of restraint). The dams were also tested with DT 2 months before calving. Data analysis via Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman's correlations showed no significant effect of the duration calves were separated from their darns. just after treatment at 3-week of age, calves given stroking (LS + H and SS + H) were more motionless and more willing to accept human contact (AT: touching) than control calves (SS - H, P < 0.01). At 45 weeks of age, calves given stroking spent also significantly more time (P < 0.05) motionless with the approaching human compared to non-stroked calves (SS - H), suggesting a persistent effect. However, this effect was not reproduced on the other behavioural criteria recorded (e.g., duration of human contact or docility score). In the different tests and at the different ages, the docility scores of the dams were significantly correlated (up to 0.7, P < 0.01) with behaviour towards humans shown by stroked calves but not non-stroked calves (SS - H). Our results suggest that additional human contact at early age, but not duration of the separation from the dam, could be beneficial for the human-animal relationship, but only for calves born to docile dams. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.