Comparison of three models of alcohol craving in young adults: a cross-validation
Comparison of three models of alcohol craving in young adults: a cross-validation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00714.x
复制
发表时间：
2004-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Ketterman, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McEvoy, PM;Stritzke, WGK;Ketterman, RL
研究目的1.是开发一个三因素的方法和避免酒精问卷（AAAQ），旨在评估轻度和强烈的饮酒倾向，以及避免饮酒的倾向。研究2的目的是用独立样本交叉验证AAAQ，并检验三种酒精渴求模型的拟合优度：（a）传统的一维模型，（B）二维的接近-回避矛盾心理模型，（b）两维的接近-回避矛盾心理模型，（c）两维的接近-回避矛盾心理模型。以及（c）保留回避的扩展的二维神经解剖模型，同时设定了一个阈值，将接近分为两个不同的水平，并将所有三个因素与渴望相关的大脑通路分别与抑制过程，奖励和强迫行为相关。背景和参与者调查对象为589名澳大利亚大学生（69%的女性）和523名美国大学生（64%的女性）在研究2.测量饮酒和不饮酒的倾向（AAAO），饮酒行为（数量和频率），饮酒问题（青年酒精问题筛查测试; YAAPST）和改变的准备（阶段的变化准备和治疗准备量表; SOCRATES）。结果-扩展的二维神经解剖模型提供了最佳的拟合数据。AAAO解释了饮酒频率（41 - 53%），饮酒量（49 - 60%）和饮酒问题（43%）的大部分差异。AAAO配置文件不同的功能，饮酒相关的风险，和三个AAAO规模差异预测准备好change.Conclusions方法和避免倾向于酒精是可分离的结构，其激活可能不总是互惠的。渴望可以被定义为沿着这两个主要维度的物质相关反应倾向的相对激活。可能存在一个强度阈值，用于区分轻度和强烈的接近倾向。
Aims The aim of study 1. was to develop a three-factor Approach and Avoidance of Alcohol Questionnaire (AAAQ), designed to assess mild and intense inclinations to drink, as well as inclinations to avoid drinking. The aims of study 2 were to cross-validate the AAAQ with an independent sample and to test the goodness-of-fit of three models of craving for alcohol: (a) the traditional unidimensional model; (b) a two-dimensional, approach-avoidance ambivalence model; and (c) an expanded two-dimensional neuroanatomical model that retains avoidance, while positing a threshold that partitions approach into two distinct levels and relates all three factors involved in craving to brain pathways associated with inhibitory processes, reward and obsessive-compulsive behaviour, respectively.Design, setting and participants The survey was administered to 589 Australian university students (69% women) in study 1 and to 523 American university students (64% women) in study 2.Measurements Inclinations to drink and to not drink (AAAO), drinking behaviour (quantity and frequency), drinking problems (Young Adult Alcohol Problems Screening Test; YAAPST) and readiness for change (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale; SOCRATES).Findings The expanded two-dimensional neuroanatomical model provided the best fit to the data. The AAAO explained a substantial proportion of the variance in drinking frequency (41-53%), drinking quantity (49-60%) and drinking problems (43%). AAAO profiles differed as a function of drinking-related risk, and the three AAAO scales differentially predicted readiness for change.Conclusions Approach and avoidance inclinations toward alcohol are separable constructs, and their activation may not be invariably reciprocal. Craving can be defined as the relative activation of substance-related response inclinations along these two primary dimensions. There may be a threshold of intensity that separates mild from intense approach inclinations.