Filler and Coating Pigments for Papermakers
Filler and Coating Pigments for Papermakers
复制标题
造纸填料和涂料颜料
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ian Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ian Wilson
历史学家认为，尼罗河三角洲的埃及人用一种叫做莎草纸的沼泽草制作了第一种纸。他们把植物的茎切成细条，在河里软化，然后把它们捣碎成薄片，然后放在阳光下晒干。由此产生的纸张是理想的书写材料，埃及人、希腊人和罗马人将其用于记录、精神文本和艺术作品。纸莎草纸是单词纸的基础。造纸之父蔡伦，在公元105年，他用各种不同的材料进行实验，改进了植物纤维的浸渍过程，直到每根纤维完全分离。他将单个纤维与水混合在一个大缸中，缸中有一个筛网，筛网被淹没，然后通过水提起，在其表面捕获纤维;干燥后，这层薄薄的交织纤维就成了我们今天所说的纸。造纸术传播到中东和埃及，在那里它在世纪取代了纸莎草纸，随后是摩洛哥，然后是西班牙（约1150年）和法国（1190年）。工业矿物在现代造纸中起着重要作用。最初，由于它们比纤维便宜，碳酸钙（白垩）和高岭土等矿物质被用作填料以降低生产成本。尽管成本仍然是一个重要因素，但矿物质已成为“功能填料”，可赋予纸张特定性能，例如改善可印刷性、亮度、不透明度和光滑度。在纸张涂层中，矿物质用作白色颜料以隐藏纤维，从而改善亮度、白度、不透明度和平滑度。
Historians attribute the Egyptians in the Nile Delta with preparing the first type of paper, from a marsh grass called Cyperus papyrus. They cut the plant’s stem into thin strips, softened them in the river, and then pounded them into thin sheets that were then left to dry in the sun. The resulting sheets were ideal for writing on, and Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans used them for record keeping, spiritual texts, and works of art. Papyrus is the basis of the word paper. The father of papermaking is T’sai Lun, who in 105 AD experimented with a wide variety of materials and refined the process of macerating the fiber of plants until each filament was completely separate. He mixed the individual fibers with water in a large vat with a screen that was submerged and then lifted up through the water, catching the fibers on its surface; when dried, this thin layer of intertwined fiber became what we today call paper. The art of papermaking spread to the Middle East and to Egypt, where it replaced papyrus in the 9th century, followed by Morocco and then Spain (about 1150) and France (1190). Industrial minerals play a major part in the manufacture of modern paper. Originally, because they were less expensive than fiber, minerals such as calcium carbonate (chalk) and kaolin were used as fillers to reduce production costs. Although cost is still an important factor, minerals have become “functional fillers” that impart specific properties to paper, such as improved printability, brightness, opacity, and smoothness. In paper coating, minerals are used as white pigments to conceal the fiber, thereby improving brightness, whiteness, opacity, and smoothness.