Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-280x.1999.00236.x
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Muir, DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connolly, JH;Krockenberger, MB;Muir, DB
在22个月的时间里，从悉尼地区52只健康的圈养考拉(Phascolarctos Cinereus)获得了连续的鼻拭子和皮肤拭子。鼻拭子中检出新生隐球菌17例，占24%；皮肤拭子中检出新生隐球菌9例，占3%。鼻腔定植的患病率随季节变化从12%(3/25)到38%(10/26)。新生隐球菌变种。单独培养的Gattii是从37岁开始培养的。仅从22个鼻拭子和两个变种的5个鼻拭子中分离出新生杆菌。在三次或三次以上采样的33只考拉中，有6只持续分离出微生物，偶尔有8只，从未从19只中分离到微生物。2只考拉持续且大量(大于或等于100个菌落/皿)定植于新生梭状芽孢杆菌var，gattii和2只新生变种。新生隐球菌变种的分离皮肤Gattii级别低，呈散在分布。持续分离的考拉中没有一只出现隐球菌病的临床症状，除一只考拉外，其余考拉的乳胶隐球菌抗原试验均为阴性，因此推测鼻腔是由新生隐球菌定植而不是感染的。从科夫斯港对考拉的初步观察表明，新生弧菌的定殖率要高得多，这表明环境因素影响了新生弧菌的携带程度。
Over a 22-month period, sequential nasal and skin swabs were obtained from 52 healthy captive koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) from the Sydney region. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated in 17 koalas from 64 of 262 (24%) nasal swabs and from nine of 262 (3%) skin swabs. Prevalence of nasal colonization varied seasonally from 12% (3/25) to 38% (10/26). Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii alone was cultured from 37, var. neoformans alone from 22 and both varieties from five nasal swabs. Of 33 koalas sampled on three or more occasions, organisms were isolated persistently from six, occasionally from eight and never from 19. Two koalas were persistently and heavily (greater than or equal to 100 colonies/plate) colonized by C. neoformans var, gattii and two with var, neoformans. Isolation of C. neoformans var. gattii from the skin was low grade and sporadic. No koalas from which C. neoformans was persistently isolated showed clinical signs of cryptococcosis and all except one had a negative latex cryptococcal antigen test, therefore the nasal cavity was presumed to be colonized by, rather than infected with, C. neoformans. Preliminary observations of koalas from Coffs Harbour indicated a much higher prevalence of colonization by C. neoformans, suggesting that environmental factors influenced the extent of carriage by C. neoformans.