Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents.
Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007114514002190
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发表时间：
2014-10-28
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Fulgoni, Victor L., III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barr, Susan I.;DiFrancesco, Loretta;Fulgoni, Victor L., III
虽然早餐与儿童更有利的营养摄入状况有关，但关于早餐对营养充足性的影响和摄入过量的潜在风险的数据有限。因此，我们评估了不吃早餐的人、吃含即食谷物早餐的人（RTEC）和吃其他类型早餐的人在营养摄入和充足性方面的差异。我们使用了2004年参加具有全国代表性的加拿大社区健康调查的12 281名4-18岁儿童和青少年的横断面数据。使用协变量调整回归分析比较早餐组之间的平均营养摄入量（使用多通道24小时回忆法获得）。通常的营养摄入分布是由国家癌症研究所的方法生成的，用来确定营养不足的普遍程度，或者从单独的食物来源和从食物加补充剂的组合中摄入过量的潜在风险。在这些加拿大儿童中，10%的人不吃早餐，33%的人吃RTEC早餐，57%的人吃其他类型的早餐。不吃早餐的比例随年龄增长而增加（4-8岁：2%；9 - 13岁：9%；14-18岁：18%）。早餐消费者的协变量调整后的能量、营养和纤维摄入量较高，脂肪摄入量较低。维生素D、钙、铁和镁的营养不足（单独从食物中或从食物加补充剂的组合中）在不吃早餐的人群中最高，在吃其他类型早餐的人群中居中，在吃RTEC早餐的人群中最低。对于维生素A、P和Zn，不吃早餐的人比两组都吃早餐的人营养不足的发生率更高。所有组中营养摄入过量的潜在风险都很低。努力鼓励和维持儿童和青少年的早餐消费是必要的。
Although breakfast is associated with more favourable nutrient intake profiles in children, limited data exist on the impact of breakfast on nutrient adequacy and the potential risk of excessive intakes. Accordingly, we assessed differences in nutrient intake and adequacy among breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts with ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) and consumers of other types of breakfasts. We used cross-sectional data from 12 281 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years who took part in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, 2004. Mean nutrient intakes (obtained using a multiple-pass 24 h recall method) were compared among the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted regression analysis. Usual nutrient intake distributions, generated using the National Cancer Institute method, were used to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy or the potential risk of excessive intakes from food sources alone and from the combination of food plus supplements. Of these Canadian children, 10 % were breakfast non-consumers, 33 % were consumers of RTEC breakfasts and 57 % were consumers of other types of breakfasts. Non-consumption of breakfast increased with age (4–8 years: 2 %; 9–13 years: 9 %; 14–18 years: 18 %). Breakfast consumers had higher covariate-adjusted intakes of energy, many nutrients and fibre, and lower fat intakes. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin D, Ca, Fe and Mg (from food alone or from the combination of food plus supplements) was highest in breakfast non-consumers, intermediate in consumers of other types of breakfasts and lowest in consumers of RTEC breakfast. For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups. The potential risk of excessive nutrient intakes was low in all groups. Efforts to encourage and maintain breakfast consumption in children and adolescents are warranted.