What do we know about domestication in eastern Asia
What do we know about domestication in eastern Asia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2016.04.005
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
J. Dodson;G. Dong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Dodson;G. Dong
基于遗传学和DNA新工作的大量数据，加上越来越多的放射性碳年龄（与基于文化关联的日期无关），扩大了我们对东亚驯化的认识。在这里，我们回顾了几种在当地驯化或进口到东亚的植物和动物物种的情况。中国植物驯化的主要中心在黄河流域和长江流域以及云南。对于动物来说，黄河流域、西安周边地区和东南部地区似乎一直是重要的中心。许多被收养的家养动物从西北进入中国，后来又通过广州等港口进入中国。虽然野生动植物的分布范围有所扩大，有时没有确定的年代，但在龙山文化时期，动植物在自然范围外的广泛故意移动与大约5-4 kyr的狩猎和采集减少相吻合。农业的采用导致了大规模的景观改造；森林和林地已经被农作物和牧场所取代，这在许多晚全新世的沉积记录中都很明显。这种转变仍在继续，随着饮食的变化，模式也在发生变化，现在很多谷物被用来喂养鸡和牛肉，此外，这给水资源带来了更大的压力。
The body of data based on new work on genetics and DNA, plus a growing number of radiocarbon ages which are independent of dates based on cultural associations has broadened our knowledge of domestication in eastern Asia. Here we review the situation for several plant and animal species that were domesticated locally or imported to east Asia. Major centres of plant domestication in China have been in the Yellow and Yangtze river basins, and in Yunnan. For animals it appears that the Yellow River region, the area around Xi'an and the south-east have been important centres. Many adopted domesticates have entered China through the north-west and later through ports such as Canton (Guangzhou). It appears that while there are outliers to extended ranges of wild plants and animals, sometimes not securely dated, widespread deliberate movement of plants and animals outside their natural ranges coincided with reduced hunting and gathering around 5–4 kyr in the Longshan cultural period. The adoption of agriculture has resulted in large scale landscape transformation; forests and woodlands have been replaced by crop and grazing lands and this is evident in many late Holocene sedimentary records. This transformation continues and the patterns are changing as diets are shifting and much grain is now used to feed chicken and beef, and in addition this has placed increased pressure on water resources.