An optoelectronic framework enabled by low-dimensional phase-change films
An optoelectronic framework enabled by low-dimensional phase-change films
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DOI：
10.1038/nature13487
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发表时间：
2014-07-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Bhaskaran, Harish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hosseini, Peiman;Wright, C. David;Bhaskaran, Harish
折射率可以根据需要光学变换的材料（例如硫族化物基相变材料）的开发通过提供能够存储大量数据的廉价、高速、便携和可靠的平台而彻底改变了介质和数据存储行业。相变材料响应于刺激（例如热）而在两种固态（非晶态和晶态）之间切换，其中材料的物理性质（包括光吸收、电导和杨氏模量）发生相关变化（1-5）。这些材料（特别是锗锑碲合金Ge 2Sb 2 Te 5）的最初应用是利用其光学特性在电光数据存储技术中的可逆变化（6，7）。最近，在非挥发性相变存储器的开发中也广泛研究了它们的电导率变化（4，5）。在这里，我们表明，通过结合此类材料的光学和电子性质调制，可以创建超越数据存储的显示和数据可视化应用程序。使用极薄的相变材料和透明导体，我们证明了电诱导稳定的颜色变化在反射和半透明模式。此外，我们展示了如何像素化的方法可以用于显示器上的刚性和柔性薄膜。这种使用低维相变材料的光电框架具有许多可能的应用，例如具有纳米级像素的超快全固态显示器，半透明的“智能”眼镜，“智能”隐形眼镜和人工视网膜设备。
The development of materials whose refractive index can be optically transformed as desired, such as chalcogenide-based phase-change materials, has revolutionized the media and data storage industries by providing inexpensive, high-speed, portable and reliable platforms able to store vast quantities of data. Phase-change materials switch between two solid states-amorphous and crystalline-in response to a stimulus, such as heat, with an associated change in the physical properties of the material, including optical absorption, electrical conductance and Young's modulus(1-5). The initial applications of these materials(particularly the germanium antimony tellurium alloy Ge2Sb2Te5) exploited the reversible change in their optical properties in rewritable optical data storage technologies(6,7). More recently, the change in their electrical conductivity has also been extensively studied in the development of non-volatile phase-changememories(4,5). Here we show that by combining the optical and electronic property modulation of such materials, display and data visualization applications that go beyond data storage can be created. Using extremely thin phase-change materials and transparent conductors, we demonstrate electrically induced stable colour changes in both reflective and semi-transparent modes. Further, we show how a pixelated approach can be used in displays on both rigid and flexible films. This optoelectronic framework using low-dimensional phase-change materials has many likely applications, such as ultrafast, entirely solid-state displays with nanometre-scale pixels, semi-transparent 'smart' glasses, 'smart' contact lenses and artificial retina devices.