Strategic Petroleum Reserve
Strategic Petroleum Reserve
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2006-06
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翻译后摘要：众议院通过了H. R。6，2005年能源政策法案，2005年4月21日（249- 183）。该立法将永久授权战略石油储备，并要求尽快将战略石油储备扩大到10亿桶的授权上限。2005年5月26日，参议院能源和自然资源委员会报告了一项综合法案，其中包括一项类似的规定。国会在《能源政策和保护法》（EPCA，P.L.）中授权建立战略石油储备（SPR）。94-163），以帮助防止1973-74年阿拉伯石油禁运造成的经济混乱重演。该计划由能源部（DOE）管理。物理上，SPR包括五个地下储存设施，从德克萨斯州和路易斯安那州的天然盐丘中挖空。SPR的产能为7.27亿桶，目前约为6.92亿桶。2001年11月中旬，布什总统下令将战略石油储备补充到目前大约7亿桶的产能，主要是通过实物使用费（RIK）从联邦近海租赁地购买石油进行生产。这一水平将在2005财政年度达到。然而，由于原油价格持续上涨和波动，布什政府因继续用RIK原油填充SPR而定期受到批评。在众议院能源和商业加价期间接受了一项修正案，并将其纳入众议院于2005年4月21日通过的法案，该修正案将暂停RIK加注，直到原油价格在两周内跌破每桶40美元。这一规定的直接影响将取决于是否迅速颁布全面的能源立法，或者政府是否继续在总统2001年11月命令规定的7亿桶水平之外填充RIK。它没有表示填充将继续，目前，超过7亿桶。
Abstract : The House passed H.R. 6, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, on April 21, 2005 (249- 183). The legislation would permanently authorize the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) and require, as expeditiously as practicable, expansion of the SPR to its authorized maximum of 1 billion barrels. A comprehensive bill ordered reported from the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on May 26, 2005, includes a similar provision. Congress authorized the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA, P.L. 94-163) to help prevent a repetition of the economic dislocation caused by the 1973-74 Arab oil embargo. The program is managed by the Department of Energy (DOE). Physically, the SPR comprises five underground storage facilities, hollowed out from naturally occurring salt domes in Texas and Louisiana. The SPR, with a capacity of 727 million barrels, currently holds roughly 692 million barrels. In mid-November 2001, President Bush ordered fill of the SPR to its current capacity of roughly 700 million barrels, principally through oil acquired as royalty-in-kind (RIK) for production from federal offshore leases. This level will be attained during FY2005. However, the Bush Administration has been periodically criticized for continuing to fill the SPR with RIK crude as crude prices have continued to rise and be volatile. An amendment was accepted during the House Energy and Commerce markup, and included in the bill passed by the House on April 21, 2005, that would suspend RIK fill until the price of crude drops below $40/barrel (bbl) for two weeks. The immediate impact of this provision will depend upon whether comprehensive energy legislation is enacted quickly, or whether the Administration continues RIK fill beyond the 700 million barrel level stipulated in the President's November 2001 order. It has not indicated that fill will continue, for the moment, beyond 700 million barrels.