Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells.
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41580-021-00418-x
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发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Choe H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jackson CB;Farzan M;Chen B;Choe H
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）感染引起的COVID-19大流行对公共卫生和经济造成了前所未有的影响，科学界也做出了同样前所未有的反应。这种反应主要集中在SARS-CoV-2进入宿主细胞的机制上，特别是刺突（S）蛋白与其受体血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE 2）的结合以及随后的膜融合。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2进入细胞的结构和细胞基础，包括S蛋白的合成、S蛋白的结构、S蛋白与ACE 2结合所需的构象转换、S蛋白受体结合域与ACE 2的结合、S蛋白的蛋白水解激活、胞吞作用和膜融合。我们定义了弗林蛋白酶样蛋白酶，跨膜蛋白酶，丝氨酸2（TMPRSS 2）和组织蛋白酶L在这些过程中的作用，并描绘了水库动物物种和S蛋白的适应，促进有效的人类传播ACE 2直系同源物的功能。我们还研究了针对SARS-CoV-2进入机制的疫苗，抗体和其他潜在治疗方法的效用。最后，我们提出了与这一关键过程相关的关键未决问题。SARS-CoV-2进入宿主细胞是通过病毒刺突蛋白与其受体血管紧张素转换酶2之间的相互作用介导的，随后是病毒-细胞膜融合。全球的研究工作在结构和细胞水平上提供了对这一过程的详细了解，从而成功开发了快速应对COVID-19大流行的疫苗。
The unprecedented public health and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been met with an equally unprecedented scientific response. Much of this response has focused, appropriately, on the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, and in particular the binding of the spike (S) protein to its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and subsequent membrane fusion. This Review provides the structural and cellular foundations for understanding the multistep SARS-CoV-2 entry process, including S protein synthesis, S protein structure, conformational transitions necessary for association of the S protein with ACE2, engagement of the receptor-binding domain of the S protein with ACE2, proteolytic activation of the S protein, endocytosis and membrane fusion. We define the roles of furin-like proteases, transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L in these processes, and delineate the features of ACE2 orthologues in reservoir animal species and S protein adaptations that facilitate efficient human transmission. We also examine the utility of vaccines, antibodies and other potential therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanisms. Finally, we present key outstanding questions associated with this critical process. Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is mediated by the interaction between the viral spike protein and its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, followed by virus–cell membrane fusion. Worldwide research efforts have provided a detailed understanding of this process at the structural and cellular levels, enabling successful vaccine development for a rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Bosch, Berend Jan;Bartelink, Willem;Rottier, Peter J. M.
通讯作者：
Rottier, Peter J. M.
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2035389
发表时间：
2021-02-04
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Baden LR;El Sahly HM;Essink B;Kotloff K;Frey S;Novak R;Diemert D;Spector SA;Rouphael N;Creech CB;McGettigan J;Khetan S;Segall N;Solis J;Brosz A;Fierro C;Schwartz H;Neuzil K;Corey L;Gilbert P;Janes H;Follmann D;Marovich M;Mascola J;Polakowski L;Ledgerwood J;Graham BS;Bennett H;Pajon R;Knightly C;Leav B;Deng W;Zhou H;Han S;Ivarsson M;Miller J;Zaks T;COVE Study Group
通讯作者：
COVE Study Group
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Campbell GR;To RK;Hanna J;Spector SA
通讯作者：
Spector SA
SARS-CoV-2受体ACE2基因表达和调控的个体差异
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Chen, Jiawei;Jiang, Quanlong;Han, Jing-Dong J.
通讯作者：
Han, Jing-Dong J.
DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro3469
发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
Nature reviews. Microbiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Amara A;Mercer J
通讯作者：
Mercer J