The interplay of employment uncertainty and education in explaining second births in Europe
The interplay of employment uncertainty and education in explaining second births in Europe
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DOI：
10.4054/demres.2011.25.16
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发表时间：
2011-08-23
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Adsera, Alicia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adsera, Alicia
本文分析了自20世纪80年代末以来，欧洲劳动力市场的不稳定性是如何影响生育第二个孩子的决定的。特别是，我试图确定的经济不确定性，影响不同教育背景的妇女的尺寸。首先，采用随时间变化的措施，在12个欧洲国家的妇女的总体市场条件，以及微观措施，每个妇女的劳动力市场的历史，我发现，延迟在第二个生育是显着的国家高失业率和妇女谁是失业，特别是受教育程度最低的，和那些有临时工作。对于大学毕业生来说，持有一份非常短的合同比失业更重要。第二，使用2006年西班牙生育率调查，我提出了非常相似的结果，西班牙，在最近几十年的生育率和失业率的变化最剧烈的国家：高失业率和广泛使用的有限期限的合同被发现与第二胎的大幅推迟。
This paper analyzes how labor market instability since the late 1980s in Europe has mediated decisions to have a second child. In particular, I seek to determine the dimensions of economic uncertainty that affect women with different educational backgrounds. First, employing time-varying measures of aggregate market conditions for women in 12 European countries, as well as micro-measures of each woman's labor market history, I find that delays in second births are significant in countries with high unemployment and both among women who are unemployed, particularly the least educated, and those who have temporary jobs. Holding a very short contract is shown to be more critical than unemployment for college graduates. Second, using the 2006 Spanish Fertility Survey, I present remarkably similar findings for Spain, the country with the most dramatic changes in both fertility and unemployment in recent decades: a high jobless rate and the widespread use of limited-duration contracts are found to be correlated with a substantial postponement of second births.