Q3DE: A fault-tolerant quantum computer architecture for multi-bit burst errors by cosmic rays
Q3DE: A fault-tolerant quantum computer architecture for multi-bit burst errors by cosmic rays
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DOI：
10.1109/micro56248.2022.00079
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发表时间：
2022-10
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通讯作者：
Yasunari Suzuki;T. Sugiyama;Tomochika Arai;Wang Liao;Koji Inoue;Teruo Tanimoto
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作者：
Yasunari Suzuki;T. Sugiyama;Tomochika Arai;Wang Liao;Koji Inoue;Teruo Tanimoto
通过将量子纠错（QEC）集成到量子计算架构中来展示小错误率是可扩展容错量子计算（FTQC）的下一个里程碑。用超导量子比特和表面编码编码逻辑量子比特被认为是FTQC架构的一个有前途的候选。在本文中，我们提出了一种FTQC架构，我们称之为Q3DE，它以适度的变化和开销增强了对宇宙射线的多比特突发错误（MBBEs）的容忍度。Q3DE有三个核心组成部分：原位异常检测、动态代码变形和优化错误解码。在此体系结构中，仅从综合征值检测mbbe以进行错误纠正。通过动态增加逻辑量子位的编码水平和随着解码过程的回滚重新估计可能的恢复操作，可以立即减轻mbbe的影响。我们使用量子误差模拟器研究了Q3DE架构的性能和开销，并证明Q3DE有效地将mbbe的周期缩短了1000倍，并将其区域大小减半。因此，Q3DE大大放宽了实现FTQC对量子比特密度和量子比特芯片尺寸的要求。由于我们的方案仅依赖于拓扑稳定器代码的标准特征，因此可以在广泛的物理设备和FTQC架构上减轻mbbe，即错误属性的时间变化。
Demonstrating small error rates by integrating quantum error correction (QEC) into an architecture of quantum computing is the next milestone towards scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). Encoding logical qubits with superconducting qubits and surface codes is considered a promising candidate for FTQC architectures. In this paper, we propose an FTQC architecture, which we call Q3DE, that enhances the tolerance to multi-bit burst errors (MBBEs) by cosmic rays with moderate changes and overhead. There are three core components in Q3DE: in-situ anomaly DEtection, dynamic code DEformation, and optimized error DEcoding. In this architecture, MBBEs are detected only from syndrome values for error correction. The effect of MBBEs is immediately mitigated by dynamically increasing the encoding level of logical qubits and re-estimating probable recovery operation with the rollback of the decoding process. We investigate the performance and overhead of the Q3DE architecture with quantum-error simulators and demonstrate that Q3DE effectively reduces the period of MBBEs by 1000 times and halves the size of their region. Therefore, Q3DE significantly relaxes the requirement of qubit density and qubit chip size to realize FTQC. Our scheme is versatile for mitigating MBBEs, i.e., temporal variations of error properties, on a wide range of physical devices and FTQC architectures since it relies only on the standard features of topological stabilizer codes.