Carcinogen testing: current problems and new approaches.
Carcinogen testing: current problems and new approaches.
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致癌物测试：当前问题和新方法。
作者：
J. Weisburger;G. Williams
在过去的50年里，在动物身上测试潜在致癌物的经典程序基本上没有改变。在过去的20年里，对致癌机制的认识已经积累了相当多的知识，特别是关于化学物质代谢活化为可与包括DNA在内的亲核物质相互作用的反应性亲电子化合物的概念。这些发展反过来又产生了一个框架，将确定化学品的遗传效应纳入致癌物测试。已经开发了一种系统的致癌物检测决策点方法，该方法需要一个连续的决策过程，因为在启动更高阶、更复杂的检测之前，要进行特定的检测和评估。与传统的啮齿动物生物测定相比，这种方法提供了基于致癌机制的知识，以最小的成本获得了大量的数据，并为最终的健康风险评估奠定了坚实的基础。
The classic procedures for testing potential carcinogens in animals have basically not changed in the past 50 years. Considerable knowledge of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis has accrued in the last 20 years, particularly concepts on the metabolic activation of chemicals to reactive electrophilic compounds that can interact with nucleophilic including DNA. These developments, in turn, have yielded a framework for integrating into carcinogen testing the determination of genetic effects of chemicals. A systematic decision point approach to carcinogen testing has been developed which entails a sequential decision-making process as specific tests are performed and evaluated prior to initiation of higher order, more complex tests. Compared to conventional bioassays in rodents, this approach provides knowledge based on mechanisms of carcinogenesis, yields a substantial amount of data at minimal cost, and forms a solid base for eventual heath risk assessment.