Continuous Traumatic Stress: Expanding the Lexicon of Traumatic Stress
Continuous Traumatic Stress: Expanding the Lexicon of Traumatic Stress
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DOI：
10.1037/a0032485
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Kaminer, Debra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eagle, Gillian;Kaminer, Debra
尽管自创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的诊断被引入心理健康命名以来，在创伤应激领域取得了重大的理论和经验进展，但现有的创伤应激概念化仍然保持着过去曾发生过创伤经历的假设。我们建议将持续创伤应激(CTS)作为创伤应激词典中的一个补充概念，来描述在现实的当前和持续的危险中生活的经历和影响，例如旷日持久的政治或国内冲突或普遍存在的社区暴力。我们讨论了CTS的四个关键特征，并将其与现有的复杂创伤应激公式相联系：应激源条件的背景，应激源条件的时间位置，区分真实和感知或想象的威胁的复杂性，以及缺乏外部保护系统。我们提出了CTS如何呈现的试探性描述性图景，并讨论了该现象的潜在适应性和病理维度。
Despite substantial theoretical and empirical advances in the field of traumatic stress since the introduction of the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) into the mental health nomenclature, existing conceptualizations of traumatic stress retain the assumption that traumatic experiences have occurred in the past. We propose continuous traumatic stress (CTS) as a supplementary construct within the lexicon of traumatic stress, to describe the experience and impact of living in contexts of realistic current and ongoing danger, such as protracted political or civil conflict or pervasive community violence. We discuss four key characteristics of CTS and consider these in relation to existing formulations of complicated traumatic stress: the context of the stressor conditions, the temporal location of the stressor conditions, the complexity of discriminating between real and perceived or imagined threat, and the absence of external protective systems. We advance a tentative descriptive picture of how CTS may present and discuss the potential adaptive and pathological dimensions of the phenomenon.