Roles of RNA polymerase IV in gene silencing.

Roles of RNA polymerase IV in gene silencing.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2008.04.008
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发表时间:
2008-07
影响因子:
20.5
通讯作者:
Wierzbicki, Andrzej T.
Wierzbicki, Andrzej T.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pikaard, Craig S.;Haag, Jeremy R.;Ream, Thomas;Wierzbicki, Andrzej T.

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真核生物通常有三种多亚单位酶,它们将核基因组解码成RNA,即DNA依赖的RNA聚合酶I、II和III。值得注意的是,高等植物有五种多亚单位核RNA聚合酶:普遍存在的对生存至关重要的POL I、II和III,以及两种非必需的聚合酶POL Iva和POL IVb,它们专门研究小RNA介导的基因沉默途径。RNA引导的内源重复元件的DNA甲基化、转基因沉默、开花时间基因的调节、相邻基因对的诱导调节以及移动沉默信号的传播都是需要POLIva和/或POLIVb的现象的例子。尽管缺乏关于Pol IV酶活性的生化细节,但遗传证据表明,Pol IV可能如何发挥作用的几种替代模式。
Eukaryotes typically have three multi-subunit enzymes that decode the nuclear genome into RNA, namely DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II and III. Remarkably, higher plants have five multi-subunit nuclear RNA polymerases: the ubiquitous Pol I, II and III, which are essential for viability, plus two non-essential polymerases, Pol IVa and Pol IVb that specialize in small RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways. RNA-directed DNA methylation of endogenous repetitive elements, silencing of transgenes, regulation of flowering time genes, inducible regulation of adjacent gene pairs, and spreading of mobile silencing signals are examples of phenomena that require Pol IVa and/or Pol IVb. Although biochemical details concerning Pol IV enzymatic activities are lacking, genetic evidence suggests several alternative models for how Pol IV might function.
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