Target and distractor processing and the influence of load on the allocation of attention to task-irrelevant threat
Target and distractor processing and the influence of load on the allocation of attention to task-irrelevant threat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.009
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Holmes, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bretherton, P. M.;Eysenck, M. W.;Holmes, A.
本研究采用事件相关电位（ERP）方法研究了两种不同的注意机制-刺激增强和刺激抑制的特征。在三个实验中，参与者看到稀疏的视觉搜索阵列包含一个目标和一个干扰。实验1和2的主要结果表明，而神经信号的刺激，本质上是不显着的，可以直接抑制没有事先注意力增强，这是不是与动机相关的刺激（人脸）的情况。实验3表明，随着任务难度的增加，对干扰刺激的抑制需求也随之增加。它还表明，在中性分心面孔愤怒的优先注意增强，但只有在高任务难度的条件下，这表明分心效价对注意的影响是最大的，当有较少的可用资源分心处理。这些研究结果的影响被认为与当代注意力理论有关。
This study investigated the characteristics of two distinct mechanisms of attention - stimulus enhancement and stimulus suppression - using an event-related potential (ERP) approach. Across three experiments, participants viewed sparse visual search arrays containing one target and one distractor. The main results of Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that whereas neural signals for stimuli that are not inherently salient could be directly suppressed without prior attentional enhancement, this was not the case for stimuli with motivational relevance (human faces). Experiment 3 showed that as task difficulty increased, so did the need for suppression of distractor stimuli. It also showed the preferential attentional enhancement of angry over neutral distractor faces, but only under conditions of high task difficulty, suggesting that the effects of distractor valence on attention are greatest when there are fewer available resources for distractor processing. The implications of these findings are considered in relation to contemporary theories of attention.