Vital dye labelling of Xenopus laevis trunk neural crest reveals multipotency and novel pathways of migration.
Vital dye labelling of Xenopus laevis trunk neural crest reveals multipotency and novel pathways of migration.
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发表时间：
1993-06
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Andres Collazo;M. Bronner‐Fraser;Scott E. Fraser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andres Collazo;M. Bronner‐Fraser;Scott E. Fraser
虽然非洲爪蟾胚胎已成为脊椎动物发育的分子和细胞研究的重要模型系统，但对其神经嵴的了解相对较少。在这里，我们利用非洲爪蟾胚胎易于操作和相对透明的优势，在活胚胎中跟踪神经嵴细胞的迁移和分化。我们使用两种技术来研究青蛙神经嵴细胞的谱系和迁移模式：（1）将DiI或赖氨酸罗丹明葡聚糖（LRD）注射到小群体的神经嵴细胞中以跟踪运动;（2）将LRD注射到单个细胞中以跟踪细胞谱系。通过使用非侵入性方法，允许在活胚胎中观察并控制标记的时间和位置，我们已经能够扩展以前移植实验的结果。随着时间的推移，在单个活胚胎中观察标记细胞的迁移和分化，随后在切片中观察以确定精确的位置和形态。神经嵴的衍生物包括鳍、色素条、脊神经节、肾上腺髓质、前肾管、肠核和背主动脉的后部。在吻侧至躯干中段，大多数神经嵴细胞沿着沿着两条路径迁移：背侧路径进入鳍，然后是假定鳍细胞，腹侧路径沿着沿神经管和脊索，然后是假定色素、感觉神经节、交感神经节和肾上腺髓质细胞。在尾侧干中，观察到另外两条路径。一组细胞在鳍内沿圆周移动，从背侧到腹侧呈弧形;另一组细胞向腹侧移动到肛门，随后聚集在腹鳍上。通过标记单个前体细胞，我们发现神经管和神经嵴细胞通常具有共同的前体。大多数克隆在背鳍中含有标记的后代细胞。其余的后代在多个衍生物，包括脊神经节细胞，色素细胞，肠细胞，鳍细胞和/或神经管细胞的所有组合，这表明许多前迁移非洲爪蟾神经嵴前体是多能的。
Although the Xenopus embryo has served as an important model system for both molecular and cellular studies of vertebrate development, comparatively little is known about its neural crest. Here, we take advantage of the ease of manipulation and relative transparency of Xenopus laevis embryos to follow neural crest cell migration and differentiation in living embryos. We use two techniques to study the lineage and migratory patterns of frog neural crest cells: (1) injections of DiI or lysinated rhodamine dextran (LRD) into small populations of neural crest cells to follow movement and (2) injections of LRD into single cells to follow cell lineage. By using non-invasive approaches that allow observations in living embryos and control of the time and position of labelling, we have been able to expand upon the results of previous grafting experiments. Migration and differentiation of the labelled cells were observed over time in individual living embryos, and later in sections to determine precise position and morphology. Derivatives populated by the neural crest are the fins, pigment stripes, spinal ganglia, adrenal medulla, pronephric duct, enteric nuclei and the posterior portion of the dorsal aorta. In the rostral to mid-trunk levels, most neural crest cells migrate along two paths: a dorsal pathway into the fin, followed by presumptive fin cells, and a ventral pathway along the neural tube and notochord, followed by presumptive pigment, sensory ganglion, sympathetic ganglion and adrenal medullary cells. In the caudal trunk, two additional paths were noted. One group of cells moves circumferentially within the fin, in an arc from dorsal to ventral; another progresses ventrally to the anus and subsequently populates the ventral fin. By labelling individual precursor cells, we find that neural tube and neural crest cells often share a common precursor. The majority of clones contain labelled progeny cells in the dorsal fin. The remainder have progeny in multiple derivatives including spinal ganglion cells, pigment cells, enteric cells, fin cells and/or neural tube cells in all combinations, suggesting that many premigratory Xenopus neural crest precursors are multipotent.