Consequences of host adaptation for performance of vesicular stomatitis virus in novel thermal environments
Consequences of host adaptation for performance of vesicular stomatitis virus in novel thermal environments
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DOI：
10.1007/s10682-009-9307-3
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Turner, Paul E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alto, Barry W.;Turner, Paul E.
尽管人们普遍认为生态位专业化的选择优势驱动了物种的多样性，但一些理论表明，当环境发生意外变化时，通才比专家更受青睐。但这一想法很少得到经验性的检验，它与RNA病毒等微寄生虫的相关性也是未知的。由于它们的基因组尺寸小，多效性在RNA病毒中并不罕见。因此，多面手性状的遗传结构可能是通过选择间接塑造的，以更好地为多面手生物在新环境中的生长做准备。以前，水泡性口炎病毒进化为专门针对单一宿主，或在多个宿主上泛化。在这里，我们测试是否病毒多面手出现在宿主适应的背景下，也表现出不同的专家时，病毒在新的温度下生长。我们比较了热反应规范的性能，内和组之间的病毒专家和通才。结果表明，在新的温度下，由于多效性病毒基因的修饰，宿主适应是导致一些适合度性状的结果。相反的理论预测，主机通才选择性地处于不利地位，在极端凉爽和温暖的环境。多宿主适应可能会损害病毒蛋白质进化的热稳定性，当病毒在极端温度下复制时，会产生宿主泛化的代价。
Although it is widely assumed that the selective advantage of niche specialization drives species biodiversity, some theory suggests that generalists are favored over specialists when environments change unexpectedly. But this idea is rarely tested empirically, and its relevance is unknown for microparasites such as RNA viruses. Due to their small genome sizes pleiotropy is not uncommon in RNA viruses. Therefore, the genetic architectures underlying generalist traits may be indirectly molded by selection to better prepare generalist organisms for growth in new environments. Previously, vesicular stomatitis viruses were evolved to specialize on a single host, or to generalize on multiple hosts. Here we test whether virus generalists arising in the context of host adaptation also perform differently than specialists when viruses grow at novel temperatures. We compared thermal reaction norms of performance, within and among groups of viral specialists and generalists. Results showed that host adaptation was consequential for some fitness traits at novel temperatures due to modification of pleiotropic viral genes. Contrary to theoretical predictions, host generalists were selectively disadvantaged at extreme cool and warm environments. Multi-host adaptation may compromise the evolved thermostability of viral proteins, creating a cost of host generalization when viruses replicate at extreme temperatures.