Eavesdropping in Massive MIMO: New Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures
Eavesdropping in Massive MIMO: New Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures
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DOI：
10.1109/twc.2021.3074941
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Chia-Yi Yeh;E. Knightly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chia-Yi Yeh;E. Knightly
大规模多输入多输出（大规模MIMO）具有阻止被动窃听的潜力，因为大型天线阵列传输的信号变得高度集中。事实上，被动窃听的影响已被证明是可以忽略不计的基站（BS）天线尺寸接近无穷大的瑞利信道。在本文中，我们实验探索窃听大规模MIMO结合现实世界的因素，包括有限的BS天线阵列的大小，在空中信道的潜在相关性，和适应调制和编码方案（MCS）在一个离散和有限的集合。使用96天线ArgosV2 BS，我们首先探索缩放阵列大小，并确定窃听器（夏娃）的优势，由于信道相关性。我们接下来确定的“MCS饱和制度”作为一个漏洞，即使具有高SNR由于有限的MCS水平，从而证明了需要功率控制作为一种反策略，特别是考虑到夏娃的优势，在空中信道。我们进一步证明了夏娃的增益优化她的位置，不仅通过游牧和搜索最有利的位置，而且通过利用可预测的视线（LoS）位置的漏洞。具体来说，我们证明了夏娃的优势，简单地分享与鲍勃在LoS的情况下的仰角。最后，我们研究如何夏娃的优势，由于信道相关性尺度与更多的窃听天线。
Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO) has the potential to thwart passive eavesdropping as the signals transmitted by large antenna arrays become highly focused. Indeed, the impact of passive eavesdropping has been shown to be negligible when the base station (BS) antenna size approaches infinity for Rayleigh channels. In this paper, we experimentally explore eavesdropping in massive MIMO incorporating real-world factors including a limited BS antenna array size, potential correlation in over-the-air channels, and adaptation of modulating and coding schemes (MCS) over a discrete and finite set. Using a 96-antenna ArgosV2 BS, we first explore scaling the array size and identify eavesdropper (Eve) advantages due to channel correlation. We next identify the “MCS saturation regime” as a vulnerability even with high SNR due to limited MCS levels, and thereby demonstrating the need for power control as a counter-strategy, especially considering Eve’s advantages in the over-the-air channels. We further demonstrate Eve’s gain in optimizing her position, not only via being nomadic and searching for the most favorable position, but also via exploiting predictable line-of-sight (LoS) positional vulnerabilities. Specifically, we demonstrate Eve’s advantage by simply sharing the elevation angle with Bob in the LoS scenario. Finally, we examine how Eve’s advantage due to channel correlation scales with more eavesdropping antennas.