The Underwater Backscatter Channel: Theory, Link Budget, and Experimental Validation

The Underwater Backscatter Channel: Theory, Link Budget, and Experimental Validation
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水下反向散射通道:理论、链路预算和实验验证

DOI:
10.1145/3570361.3613265
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
ACM
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Adib, Fadel
Adib, Fadel
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Akbar, Waleed;Allam, Ahmed;Adib, Fadel

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水下后向散射是一种最新的网络技术,可以在水下环境中实现净零功率通信和传感。关于水下反向散射的现有研究集中在设计和演示具有令人印象深刻的能力的早期系统;然而,仍然严重缺乏的是水下反向散射通信信道的端到端分析,这是了解这项技术的潜力,以规模到真实的-本文首次对水下后向散射进行了全面的理论和实证分析,信道,包括端到端反向散射的下行链路和上行链路。我们介绍了一个封闭形式的分析模型,包括压电材料的物理特性,机电耦合,电阻抗,和水下声通道。我们通过有限元模型的物理模拟和真实世界的实验验证在一条河流中验证了这一理论分析的正确性,证明了分析模型与我们的真实世界的实验相匹配,中位数偏差仅为0.76 dB。使用这个模型,然后,我们模拟的水下后向散射的理论极限作为不同的设计参数的函数,并确定推动水下后向散射的理论极限的途径。
Underwater backscatter is a recent networking technology that enables net-zero-power communication and sensing in underwater environments. Existing research on underwater backscatter has focused on designing and demonstrating early systems with impressive capabilities; however, what remains critically missing is an end-to-end analysis of the underwater backscatter communication channel, which is necessary to understand the potential of this technology to scale to real-world applications and practical deployments.This paper presents the first comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of the underwater backscatter channel, including the downlink and uplink of end-to-end backscatter. We introduce a closed-form analytical model that encompasses the physical properties of piezoelectric materials, electromechanical coupling, electrical impedance, and the underwater acoustic channel. We verify the correctness of this theoretical analysis through both finite-element-model physical simulations and real-world experimental validation in a river, demonstrating that the analytical model matches our real-world experiments with a median deviation of only 0.76 dB. Using this model, we then simulate the theoretical limits of underwater backscatter as a function of different design parameters and identify pathways for pushing underwater backscatter toward its theoretical limits.
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