The Role of Filter Feeders in Flowing Waters
The Role of Filter Feeders in Flowing Waters
复制标题
滤食性动物在流水中的作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Woodall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James Buchanan Wallace;J. Webster;W. Woodall
以吐网的毛翅目幼虫作为滤食性溪流昆虫的例子，说明不同种类的昆虫以不同粒径的颗粒为食。个别物种的进化导致了漂流流悬浮物的各种颗粒大小。如何实现这一点的机制进行了讨论。滤食性动物的进化多样性对河流生态系统具有重要的影响，超越了所涉及的单个物种。流动沃茨中的有机漂流物被各种无脊椎动物以多种方式利用（HYNES，1970年）。这一事实对于那些研究流动沃茨中动物的人来说无疑是显而易见的。我们认为滤食性在流动沃茨中的重要性从未被水生生物学家充分阐述过，在本文中，我们提出了一些想法，对在激流栖息地遇到的滤食性动物的巨大多样性的意义，主要是以织网的毛翅目为例。在过去的20年里，织网毛翅目一直是许多研究的主题。萨特勒（1955，1958，1963 a，1963 B，1968）、凯瑟（1965）、布里肯斯坦（1955）、吉布斯（1968）、舒赫迈尔（1970）、威廉姆斯和海恩斯等曾详细说明过网和/或撤退。（1973）、WALLACE（1975 a，1975 B）、WALLACE & MALAS（1975）和WALLACE & SHERBERGEH（1974，1975）。某些物种对不同溪流大小的偏好已经有文献记载（例如，DECAMPS，1968年; ULFSTRAND，1968年;爱丁顿，1968年; MECOM，1972年;以及WALDON & WALLACE，1975年）。弗雷姆林（1960）、爱丁顿（1965，1968）、菲利普森（1969）、凯瑟（1965）、乌尔夫斯特兰德（1968）威廉姆斯和海因斯（1973）和华莱士（1975 a，1975 B）讨论了各种环境因素，如水流速度等对结网纺纱机的重要性。* ULFSTHAND（1967）和爱丁顿（1968）强调了滤食性毛翅目微分布与食物偏好的重要性。爱丁顿（1968年）还发现，不同的网虫与溪流中的特定区域有关，并认为渔网是根据相当特定的水流速度和食物偏好建造的。WIL
Net-spinning trichopteran larvae are used as examples of filter-feedin g stream insects to show that various species feed upon a range of particle sizes. Evolution of individual species has resulted in cropping various particle sizes of drifting stream seston. Mechanisms of how this is achieved are discussed. The evolutionary diversity of filter feeders has important consequences for stream ecosystems that transcend the individual species involved. Organic drift in flowing waters is exploited in many ways by various invertebrates (HYNES, 1970). This fact is certainly obvious to those who have pursued the study of fauna in flowing waters. We think the importance of filter-feedin g in flowing waters has never been fully stated by aquatic biologists and in this paper we present some ideas on the significance of the great diversity of filter feeders encountered in lotic habitats, using primarily net-spinning Trichoptera as examples. In the past 20 years net-spinning Trichoptera have been the subject of a number of studies. Details of nets and/or retreats have been shown by SATTLER (1955,1958,1963 a, 1963 b, 1968), KAISER (1965), BRICKENSTEIN (1955), GIBBS (1968), SCHUHMACHER (1970), WILLIAMS & .HYNES. (1973), WALLACE (1975 a, 1975 b), WALLACE & MALAS (1975), and WALLACE & SHERBERGEH (1974, 1975). The preference of certain species for various stream sizes has been documented (e.g. DECAMPS, 1968; ULFSTRAND, 1968; EDINGTON, 1968; MECOM, 1972; and GORDON & WALLACE, 1975). FREMLING (1960), EDINGTON (1965, 1968), PHILIPSON (1969), KAISER (1965), ULFSTRAND (1968) WILLIAMS & HYNES (1973), and WALLACE (1975 a, 1975 b) have discussed the importance of various environmental factors such as current velocity on net-spinners. * ULFSTHAND (1967) and EDINGTON (1968) stressed the importance of microdistributions of filter-feeding trichopterans as associated with food preferences. EDINGTON (1968) also found various netspinners were associated with specific areas within streams and suggested nets were constructed for rather specific current velocities and food preferences. WIL