The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: an overview
The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: an overview
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00242-8
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Abrahams, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jewkes, R;Abrahams, N
1999年期间，在南非最高一级对强奸问题进行了辩论。强奸的流行病学已经成为一个具有相当政治重要性和敏感性的问题，姆贝基总统要求回答这个问题：南非有多少强奸？本文的目的是总结和综合的研究结果，提供一个概述的流行病学强奸妇女在南非，并显示它是多么困难，以回答总统的问题。审查首先考虑为什么强奸是如此难以研究。现有数据表明，向警方报告的强奸案（每年每100 000名妇女中有240起强奸和强奸未遂事件）是性胁迫贝格的一角。例如，有代表性的社区调查发现，在17-48岁年龄组中，每100 000名妇女每年发生2 070起此类事件。婚姻和约会关系中的非自愿性行为被认为是非常普遍的，但在调查中通常没有得到很好的报告。据报告，近三分之一的少女被迫开始性行为。此外，强迫双方同意的性行为是学校、工作场所和同龄人之间的一个常见问题。报告还讨论了对影响强奸高发率的因果和促成因素的认识。我们的结论是，该国的强奸统计数据目前尚不明确，但非自愿和强迫性行为的水平显然非常高，需要谨慎对待国际比较，因为大多数发展中国家缺乏准确报告犯罪的基础设施，也没有如此大量的调查数据。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
During 1999 the issue of rape in South Africa was debated at the highest levels. The epidemiology of rape has become an issue of considerable political importance and sensitivity, with President Mbeki demanding an answer to the question: how much rape is there in South Africa? The purpose of this paper is both to summarise and synthesise the findings of research to provide an overview of the epidemiology of rape of women in South Africa and to show how difficult it is to answer the President's question. The review begins by considering why rape is so difficult to research. Data available shows that rape reported to the police (240 incidents of rape and attempted rape per 100,000 women each year) represents the tip of an ice berg of sexual coercion. Representative community-based surveys have found, for example, that in the 17-48 age group there are 2070 such incidents per 100,000 women per year. Non-consensual sex in marriage and dating relationships is believed to be very common but is usually not well reported in surveys. Forced sexual initiation is reported by almost a third of adolescent girls. In addition coerced consensual sex is a common problem in schools, workplaces and amongst peers. Knowledge of causal and contributory factors influencing the high levels of rape are also discussed. We conclude that the rape statistic for the country is currently elusive but levels of non-consensual and coerced sex are clearly very high, International comparison needs to be approached with caution because most developing countries lack the infrastructure for accurate crime reporting and do not have such a substantial body of survey data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.