GOTTLOB FREGE
GOTTLOB FREGE
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戈特洛布·弗雷格
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
B. Cindy
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作者：
B. Cindy
虽然主要是一个在培训和就业方面的数学家，但德国思想家Gottlob Frege的著作在观点、风格和意义上都完全是哲理的。他对他所认为的普通职业数学家对其学科的基本问题的忽视感到绝望：一个数的本质是什么，我们如何可能了解它们及其性质，一个数学论点必须满足什么条件才能构成合法的证明，等等。至少在对算术的正确理解方面，他还发现他那个时代的哲学家中流行的观点严重不足。试图纠正这些德�科学，弗雷格的作品，随着时间的推移，深刻地改变了逻辑学家，哲学家和数学家的做法，尽管他的在�uence是缓慢的取得进展。弗雷格的大部分智力努力都是在试图弄清算术真理的本质时产生的。弗雷格赞同一种现在被称为逻辑主义的观点，即算术真理，当适当地分析和证明时，就会显示出自己是逻辑真理或分析真理。在这个项目中，弗雷格发展了对对立理论的重要和持久的批评，并创新了一种新的逻辑本身的方法，与当时流行的方法如此深刻地不同，以至于它现在经常被描述为当代逻辑方法和主导了两千多年的亚里士多德传统之间的根本起点。在思考数学命题的正确分析时，他还提出了关于语言的逻辑分割、语言表达的意义和指称之间的区别以及真理的本质的观点，这些观点在最近的(特别是分析的)语言哲学和形而上学中已经深刻地存在于�uential中。
Although primarily a mathematician in both training and employment, German thinker Gottlob Frege’s writings are thoroughly philosophical in their outlook, style and signi�cance. He despaired at what he saw as the average working mathematician’s inattention to the fundamental questions of their discipline: what the nature of a number is, how our knowledge of them and their properties is possible, what conditions a mathematical argument must meet in order to constitute a legitimate proof, and so on. At least with regard to the proper understanding of arithmetic, he also found the views popular among philosophers of his day severely wanting. Attempting to redress these de�ciencies, Frege produced works that, in time, profoundly changed the practices of logicians, philosophers and mathematicians, though his in�uence was slow in gaining ground. Most of Frege’s intellectual endeavors grew out of the attempt to get clear about the nature of arithmetical truth. Frege endorsed a position now known as logicism, the thesis that arithmetical truths, when properly analyzed and demonstrated, reveal themselves to be logical or analytical truths. In pursuing this project, Frege developed important and lasting criticisms of rival theories, and innovated a new approach to logic itself so profoundly different from what was prevalent at the time that it is now often described as the fundamental point of departure between contemporary approaches to logic and the Aristotelian tradition which had dominated for over two millennia. In thinking about the proper analysis of mathematical propositions, he also developed views about the logical segmentation of language, the distinction between the sense and reference of linguistic expressions, and the nature of truth, which have been profoundly in�uential in more recent (especially analytic) philosophy of language and metaphysics.