Developmental Peculiarities and Seed-Borne Endophytes in Quinoa: Omnipresent, Robust Bacilli Contribute to Plant Fitness.
Developmental Peculiarities and Seed-Borne Endophytes in Quinoa: Omnipresent, Robust Bacilli Contribute to Plant Fitness.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2016.00002
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Pitzschke A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pitzschke A
在未来农业适应气候变化的潜在作物中，藜麦(藜麦)是一种兼性盐生植物，具有特殊的营养特性，是首选候选作物。这项工作研究了藜麦在种子复水过程中如何应对极端情况。藜麦在许多方面与其他植物不同。即使在极端恶劣的条件下，它也能在几分钟内萌发。破碎的种子/分裂的胚胎能够再生。此外，藜麦幼苗具有复活能力。随着种子携带微生物的发现，这些特性在一定程度上是可以解释的。100%的藜麦种子，来自不同的来源，由芽孢杆菌属的不同成员居住。这些内生菌是可移动的，存在于所有苗木器官中，表明垂直传播。由于它们的高过氧化氢酶活性和超氧化物含量，细菌可能操纵宿主的氧化还原状态。超氧化物驱动的细胞扩张使藜麦能够克服发育、幼苗建立的关键时期。藜麦与“外来”活性氧物种和细菌激发子的直接对峙可能会导致一种自然启动的状态，使植物能够经受住极端情况。内生细菌是一种可培养的具有很强生命力的细菌，在农业、食品(淀粉酶)和化妆品(过氧化氢酶)工业中具有很高的应用潜力。这项工作还讨论了转移藜麦微生物组以提高其他植物抗逆性的潜力。
Among potential climate change-adapted crops for future agriculture, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a facultative halophyte plant with exceptional nutritional properties, stands out as a prime candidate. This work examined how quinoa deals with extreme situations during seed rehydration. Quinoa distinguishes itself from other plants in multiple ways. It germinates within minutes, even under extremely hostile conditions. Broken seeds/split embryos are able to regenerate. Furthermore, quinoa seedlings are resurrection-competent. These peculiarities became in part explainable upon discovery of seed-borne microorganisms. 100% of quinoa seeds, from different sources, are inhabited by diverse members of the genus Bacillus. These endophytes are motile and reside in all seedling organs, indicating vertical transmission. Owing to their high catalase activities and superoxide contents the bacteria potentially manipulate the host’s redox status. Superoxide-driven cell expansion enables quinoa to overcome a critical period in development, seedling establishment. Quinoa’s immediate confrontation with “foreign” reactive oxygen species and bacterial elicitors likely induces a naturally primed state, enabling plants to withstand extreme situations. The endophytic bacteria, which are cultivable and highly robust themselves, have high potential for application in agriculture, food (amylase) and cosmetics (catalase) industry. This work also discusses the potential of transferring quinoa’s microbiome to improve stress resistance in other plant species.