What use is half a wing in the ecology and evolution of birds?
What use is half a wing in the ecology and evolution of birds?
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DOI：
10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Dial, TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dial, KP;Randall, RJ;Dial, TR
现存鸟类个体发育过程中早期翅膀的使用不仅揭示了这些发育中的前肢在成长中的鸟类生存中的功能，而且揭示了原型翼在飞行进化的过渡阶段的可能使用。当受到惊吓时，幼鸟会尝试空中飞行，即使它们的翅膀尚未完全发育。当它们在陡峭的斜坡上奔跑时，以及当它们从高架结构上起飞时，它们也会拍打最初的翅膀，我们将这种行为描述为翅膀辅助倾斜奔跑（WAIR）。击败这些原型机的功能优势直到最近才得到评估。我们报告了使用地面鸟类石鸡（Alectoris chukar）作为模式物种的任何鸟类的首次个体发育空中飞行表演。 1，我们提供了关于 WAIR 的额外个体发育数据，WAIR 是一种最近描述的运动模式，其中完全甚至部分发育的扑动前肢被招募来增加后肢牵引力和逃脱性能。我们认为鸟类祖先可能使用 WAIR 作为从双足运动到扑翼飞行的进化过渡。
The use of incipient wings during ontogeny in living birds reveals not only the function of these developing forelimbs in growing birds' survival but also the possible employment of protowings during transitional stages in the evolution of flight. When startled, juvenile galliform birds attempt aerial flight even though their wings are not fully developed. They also flap their incipient wings when they run tip precipitous inclines, a behavior we have described as wing-assisted incline running (WAIR), and when they launch from elevated structures. The functional benefit of beating these protowings has only recently been evaluated. We report the first ontogenetic aerial flight performance for any bird using a ground bird, the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), as a model species. 1,We provide additional ontogenetic data on WAIR, a recently described locomotor mode in which fully or even partially developed flapping forelimbs, are recruited to increase hindlimb traction and escape performance. We argue that avian ancestors may have used WAIR as an evolutionary transition from bipedal locomotion to flapping flight.