Metal‐ion concentrations in sea‐surface microlayer and size‐separated atmospheric aerosol samples in Hawaii
Metal‐ion concentrations in sea‐surface microlayer and size‐separated atmospheric aerosol samples in Hawaii
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夏威夷海面微层和尺寸分离的大气气溶胶样本中的金属离子浓度
DOI：
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发表时间：
1972
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Zeitlin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. R. Barker;H. Zeitlin
在1969年6月至1971年6月的2年期间，从夏威夷的地点采集了许多海面微层和海洋大气样本。对样品进行了钠、钾、钙、镁、锶、铜、铁和锌的分析，并对海洋营养物的微层样品进行了总碳、总磷和活性硝酸盐的分析。所收集的数据表明，大多数样品的化学成分和离子比率与同样为这些化学物质收集的正常海水数据往往存在巨大差异。微层样品代表了从开放海洋表面提取的约150 μ厚的薄膜。这些样品的总碳、磷和硝酸盐浓度通常比在同一地点但在0.6米深的样品高得多。微层样品还发现某些碱土金属在小程度上富集，而过渡金属铜、铁和锌的富集程度要大得多。过渡金属也被发现在微层样品中按比例更有机地结合在一起。所研究的气溶胶样品相对于钠和在海水中发现的金属与钠的比率而言富含大多数金属。对于碱金属和碱土金属，这些富集度的范围从非常接近于零到1左右，取决于元素和颗粒的大小。过渡金属在较小气溶胶上的平均富集值接近并超过3和4个数量级。一般来说，接近艾特金大小的较小气溶胶的富集程度最大；巨型气溶胶的数值也很明显，而中等大小的大型气溶胶的数值则较小。可以从全球传播、长停留时间的平流层大陆尘埃和污染气溶胶与正常海洋气溶胶混合的角度来考虑这些数据。同样重要的是，要单独或结合这一概念考虑在搅拌和冒泡过程中从海面喷出之前选定的化学物质的分馏和富集。一些样品的质谱定性研究表明，气溶胶上的有机涂层物质更集中在较小的气溶胶上。
A number of sea-surface microlayer and marine atmosphere samples have been taken from sites in Hawaii over a 2-year period from June 1969 to June 1971. The analysis of samples is reported for sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, copper, iron, and zinc, and some analyses of microlayer samples for marine nutrients are reported as total carbon, total phosphorus, and reactive nitrate. Data collected show chemical compositions and ion ratios of most samples to differ, often drastically, from normal sea-water data also collected for these chemical species. Microlayer samples represent a thin film approximately 150 μ thick removed from the surface of the open ocean. These samples generally have considerably higher total carbon, phosphorus, and nitrate concentrations than samples taken at the same site but at 0.6-meter depth. Microlayer samples are also found to be enriched to a small extent in some alkaline earth metals and to a much larger extent for the transition metals copper, iron, and zinc. The transition metals were also found to be proportionately more organically associated in the microlayer samples. Aerosol samples studied are enriched in most metals relative to sodium and to the metal to sodium ratio found in sea water. These enrichments range from values very close to zero up to unity or so for the alkali and alkaline earth metals, depending on element and particle size. Average enrichment values for the transition metals on smaller aerosols approach and exceed 3 and 4 orders of magnitude. Generally, enrichments are greatest on the smaller aerosols approaching Aitkin size; values are also pronounced for the giant aerosols, and lesser values occur for the intermediate-sized large aerosols. It is possible to consider the data in terms of mixing of globally spread, stratospheric continental dust of long residence time and pollution aerosols with normal marine aerosols. It is also important to consider separately or in combination with this concept fractionation and enrichment of selected chemical species before their ejection from the sea surface during agitation and bubbling. A qualitative mass spectrographic study of some of the samples indicates that organic coating materials on the aerosols are more concentrated on the smaller aerosols.