Toxic oligomer species of amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease, a timing issue.

Toxic oligomer species of amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease, a timing issue.
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DOI:
10.4414/smw.2014.14021
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Lesne SE
Lesne SE
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lesne SE

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内源性可溶性、非纤维状淀粉样蛋白β(Aβ)可能是导致阿尔茨海默病(AD)中突触丧失和认知功能下降的主要生物活性物质,这一范式转变的概念已经过去了十年,但我们对这些寡聚体的理解仍然非常肤浅。目前缺乏针对每种内源性Aβ寡聚体的直接评价工具,这阻碍了我们快速解决关键问题的能力,例如:(i)它们在何处形成和积累,(ii)它们何时首次出现在人脑和体液中,(iii)这些推定的毒素在疾病过程中的纵向表达是什么,(iv)这些可溶性Aβ组装体如何改变脑中的突触和神经元功能。尽管存在这些局限性,但间接离体测量和从生物标本中分离是可能的,并允许解析推定的内源性Aβ寡聚体之间的内在差异。在这篇综述中,我整合了最近的研究结果,并推断了来自这些研究的新假说,希望能对内源性Aβ寡聚体在AD中的假定作用提供一个明确的观点,特别强调这些可溶性物质可能在衰老和患病大脑中起作用的时间。
A decade following the paradigm-shifting concept that endogenous forms of soluble, non-fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) might constitute the major bioactive entity causing synaptic loss and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), our understanding of these oligomeric species still remains conspicuously superficial. The current lack of direct evaluation tools for each endogenous Aβ oligomer hampers our ability to readily address crucial question such as: (i) where they form and accumulate, (ii) when they first appear in human brains and body fluids, (iii) what is the longitudinal expression of these putative toxins during the course of the disease, (iv) how do these soluble Aβ assemblies alter synaptic and neuronal function in the brain. Despite these limitations, indirect ex vivo measurement and isolation from biological specimens have been possible and have allowed parsing out intrinsic differences between putative endogenous Aβ oligomers. In this review, I integrated recent findings and extrapolated on emerging hypotheses derived from these studies with the hope to provide a clarified view on the putative role of endogenous Aβ oligomers in AD, with a particular emphasis on the timing at which these soluble species might act in the aging and diseased brain.
脑啡肽酶过度表达可抑制斑块形成,但不能减少人淀粉样前体蛋白转基因小鼠中的致病性 Abeta 寡聚体和相关认知缺陷。
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