A new look at gaze: Preschool children's understanding of eye-direction
A new look at gaze: Preschool children's understanding of eye-direction
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DOI：
10.1016/s0885-2014(99)00019-2
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Anderson, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doherty, MJ;Anderson, JR
This study challenges the consensus view that children can judge what someone is looking at from infancy.在第一个实验中，2岁、3岁和4岁的孩子被要求判断画中的一个人在看什么，以及两个人中的哪一个在“看”他们。 Only 68 of 2-year-olds and young 3-year-olds passed both gaze-direction tasks, but over 70% passed an analogous point-direction task. Most older 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds passed all three tasks. Experiment 2 compared children's ability to judge what the experimenter was looking at with performance on the picture tasks. Three-year-olds performed significantly worse than 4-year-olds on the real life and picture gaze tasks.两种类型的注视任务的表现高度相关。 Experiment 3 included stimuli with the additional cue of head-direction. Even the younger children performed well on these stimuli.这些结果表明，无论任务形式如何，儿童在 3 岁之前都无法仅通过眼睛方向判断某人正在看什么。 Weaknesses in the evidence supporting the consensus view are highlighted and discussed.
This study challenges the consensus view that children can judge what someone is looking at from infancy. In the first experiment 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children were asked to judge what a person in a drawing was looking at and which of two people was "looking at" them. Only 68 of 2-year-olds and young 3-year-olds passed both gaze-direction tasks, but over 70% passed an analogous point-direction task. Most older 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds passed all three tasks. Experiment 2 compared children's ability to judge what the experimenter was looking at with performance on the picture tasks. Three-year-olds performed significantly worse than 4-year-olds on the real life and picture gaze tasks. Performances on the two types of gaze task were highly correlated. Experiment 3 included stimuli with the additional cue of head-direction. Even the younger children performed well on these stimuli. These results suggest that, regardless of task format, children cannot judge what someone is looking at from eye-direction alone until the age of 3 years. Weaknesses in the evidence supporting the consensus view are highlighted and discussed.