Multiple modes of phase locking between sniffing and whisking during active exploration.
Multiple modes of phase locking between sniffing and whisking during active exploration.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3874-12.2013
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发表时间：
2013-05-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kepecs A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ranade S;Hangya B;Kepecs A
感觉器官通常由运动过程主动控制，这种主动感觉深刻地塑造了感觉信息流的时间安排。不同主动感知过程之间的时间协调还不是很清楚，但对于多感觉整合、大脑区域之间的协调以及能量最优的采样策略来说是必不可少的。在这里，我们研究了嗅觉和搅拌之间的协调，这是啮齿类动物分别控制气味和触摸信息获取的运动过程。嗅觉、高频呼吸发作和拨动，肌须的快速来回运动发生在相同的theta频率范围(4-12赫兹)，从而导致了一种假设，即这些感觉运动节奏是锁相的。为了测试这一点，我们监测了在鼻腔使用热电偶进行嗅探，并使用肌电(EMG)对从事开阔场地奖励觅食行为的大鼠进行搅拌。在探险过程中，嗅探和扭动在theta频率范围(4-12赫兹)内表现出很强的一对一锁相。有趣的是，我们还观察到了多模锁相，在一个嗅探周期内有多个搅拌器，或者在一个搅拌器周期内有多个嗅探器--总是在相同的首选相位。这种特定的相位关系结合了两个感觉运动节律的获得阶段，吸气和胡须延长。我们的结果表明，嗅觉和拨动可能受到相互依赖的节律产生器的控制，这些节律产生器动态地协调嗅觉和体感信息的主动获取。
Sense organs are often actively controlled by motor processes and such active sensing profoundly shapes the timing of sensory information flow. The temporal coordination between different active sensing processes is less well understood but is essential for multisensory integration, coordination between brain regions, and energetically optimal sampling strategies. Here we studied the coordination between sniffing and whisking, the motor processes in rodents that control the acquisition of smell and touch information, respectively. Sniffing, high frequency respiratory bouts, and whisking, rapid back and forth movements of mystacial whiskers, occur in the same theta frequency range (4-12 Hz) leading to a hypothesis that these sensorimotor rhythms are phase-locked. To test this, we monitored sniffing using a thermocouple in the nasal cavity and whisking with an electromyogram (EMG) of the mystacial pad in rats engaged in an open field reward foraging behavior. During bouts of exploration, sniffing and whisking showed strong one-to-one phase-locking within the theta frequency range (4-12 Hz). Interestingly, we also observed multi-mode phase-locking with multiple whisks within a sniff cycle or multiple sniffs within a whisk cycle – always at the same preferred phase. This specific phase relationship coupled the acquisition phases of the two sensorimotor rhythms, inhalation and whisker protraction. Our results suggest that sniffing and whisking may be under the control of interdependent rhythm generators that dynamically coordinate active acquisition of olfactory and somatosensory information.