Nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal the regional genetic structure and phylogeographical history of a sanguivorous land leech, Haemadipsa japonica, in Japan
Nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal the regional genetic structure and phylogeographical history of a sanguivorous land leech, Haemadipsa japonica, in Japan
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.5132
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发表时间：
2019-04
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kaori Morishima;M. Aizawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaori Morishima;M. Aizawa
最近的分子研究表明，日本生物群的系统地理历史可能是由地理历史和生物事件共同塑造的，例如种群的分布转移、隔离和分化。然而，包括水蛭在内的陆生环节动物物种的遗传结构和系统地理历史却知之甚少。为此，本研究利用9个多晶核微卫星（nSSR）和线粒体DNA （mtDNA）的细胞色素氧化酶亚基1 （COI）序列，了解日本特有吸血水蛭Haemadipsa japonica的遗传结构和自然分布范围内的系统地理历史。nSSR分析表明，由于水蛭的低迁移性，日本水蛭在种群间表现出较强的区域遗传分化（G’st = 0.77）。mtDNA分析表明，日本猿人表现出两个不同的谱系（A和B），估计它们在更新世中期分化，可能是由于气候变化和冰期和间冰期旋回造成的范围破碎。A系广泛分布在日本各地，B系在日本西南部被发现。nSSR分析表明，A系大致可分为日本东北部和西南部两个居群；这些分析还揭示了a系遗传多样性随着纬度的增加而逐渐减少，以及日本东北部种群中强烈的遗传漂变。结合mtDNA系统发育中大量未解决的浅层多切分，这些结果表明谱系A可能在全新世期间经历了一次快速的北迁。因此，由于这种水蛭的低流动性，可能在每个谱系中形成了具有本地独特基因库的区域遗传结构。
Abstract Recent molecular studies have indicated that phylogeographical history of Japanese biota is likely shaped by geohistory along with biological events, such as distribution shifts, isolation, and divergence of populations. However, the genetic structure and phylogeographical history of terrestrial Annelida species, including leech species, are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to understand the genetic structure and phylogeographical history across the natural range of Haemadipsa japonica, a sanguivorous land leech species endemic to Japan, by using nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) and cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Analyses using nSSR revealed that H. japonica exhibited a stronger regional genetic differentiation among populations (G'ST = 0.77) than other animal species, probably because of the low mobility of land leech. Analyses using mtDNA indicated that H. japonica exhibited two distinct lineages (A and B), which were estimated to have diverged in the middle Pleistocene and probably because of range fragmentation resulting from climatic change and glacial and interglacial cycles. Lineage A was widely distributed across Japan, and lineage B was found in southwestern Japan. Analyses using nSSR revealed that lineage A was roughly divided into two population groups (i.e., northeastern and southwestern Japan); these analyses also revealed a gradual decrease in genetic diversity with increasing latitude in lineage A and a strong genetic drift in populations of northeastern Japan. Combined with the largely unresolved shallow polytomies from the mtDNA phylogeny, these results implied that lineage A may have undergone a rapid northward migration, probably during the Holocene. Then, the regional genetic structure with local unique gene pools may have been formed within each lineage because of the low mobility of this leech species.