Young smokers' interpretations of the estimated lung cancer risk associated with a common genetic variant of low penetrance.
Young smokers' interpretations of the estimated lung cancer risk associated with a common genetic variant of low penetrance.
复制标题
年轻吸烟者对与低外显率的常见遗传变异相关的估计肺癌风险的解释。
DOI：
10.1159/000356708
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Lipkus,IM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanderson,SC;McBride,CM;O'Neill,SC;Docherty,S;Shepperd,J;Lipkus,IM
Knowledge regarding the modest individual contributions of common genetic variants to complex diseases is increasing [1, 2]. Although not yet used clinically, several direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies have marketed personal genetic tests regarding disease risk, often suggesting the results will empower individuals to make risk-reducing lifestyle changes. These direct-to-consumer genetic tests have also often been offered without the involvement of health professionals [3]. A number of direct-to-consumer genetic testing products include genetic information about smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer. In surveys, consumers in general seem interested in receiving personal genetic information based on low-penetrance DNA variants [4], and smokers specifically seem interested in genetic information about smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer [5]. One study found high levels of interest in genetic testing for smoking-related diseases specifically among young college-age smokers [6]. On the one hand, this interest could be a good thing. Young smokers, compared with older smokers, may particularly benefit from genetic risk information because of the greater potential of early intervention to reduce future disease risk. On the other hand, smokers in general and younger smokers in particular are prone to optimistic biases about their future disease risk [7]. Although smokers acknowledge they are at increased risk of disease compared to nonsmokers, they show biases in that they tend to believe they are at lower risk than other smokers [8]. Genetic test results indicating even slight decreased or increased risks of smoking-related diseases could backfire and further support continued smoking in young smokers.An important first step in predicting how young smokers are likely to respond to genetic test results for smoking-related diseases is to understand how they interpret information generally about genetic variants modestly associated with risk of smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer. Whether young smokers, or consumers more generally, understand the low predictive power of such genetic tests prior to deciding to move forward with testing is unknown. Evidence suggests the public and healthcare providers have limited understanding of genetic underpinnings of common diseases [2, 9] and risk [10], raising questions about the extent to which individuals make sense of what the information means for their health and whether they are making genuinely informed decisions about testing [11].
