Evidence for Sexually Dimorphic Associations Between Maternal Characteristics and Anogenital Distance, a Marker of Reproductive Development
Evidence for Sexually Dimorphic Associations Between Maternal Characteristics and Anogenital Distance, a Marker of Reproductive Development
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwt220
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Swan, Shanna H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrett, Emily S.;Parlett, Lauren E.;Swan, Shanna H.
来自动物模型、历史队列和现代流行病学研究的数据表明，母体特征可以影响后代的生殖健康;然而，区分产前和产后的贡献是困难的。肛门生殖器距离（AGD），即肛门到生殖器的距离，被认为是许多物种产前雄激素暴露的生物标志物，在人类中，它与几种成年生殖健康结果相关。我们使用了1999 - 2005年在美国4个城市进行的妊娠队列研究的数据，以检查婴儿AGD测量值是否与母亲自我报告的受孕年龄、初潮年龄、首次生育年龄、产次和妊娠有关。对研究参与者所生的289名婴儿（140名男性，149名女性）进行AGD测量。校正相关协变量后，在按婴儿性别分层的线性回归模型中，母亲年龄与男婴的AGD呈正相关（AGD，肛门至阴茎：0.50，P 0.002; AGD，肛门至阴囊：0.29，P 0.02），但与女婴无关。产次与男婴的AGD（肛门至阴囊; 1.68，P 0.03）呈负相关。没有其他母亲的特征预测AGD在任何性别。母体特征和AGD之间意外关系的机制尚不清楚，但是，我们建议未来研究的几种可能性。
Data from animal models, historical cohorts, and modern epidemiologic studies have suggested that maternal characteristics can affect reproductive health of offspring; however, distinguishing between prenatal and postnatal contributions is difficult. Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the anus to the genitals, is believed to be a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure in many species, and in humans it has been associated with several adult reproductive health outcomes. We used data from a pregnancy cohort study conducted in 4 US cities from 19992005 to examine whether AGD measurements in infants were associated with maternal self-reported age at conception, age at menarche, age at first birth, parity, and gravidity. AGD was measured in 289 infants (140 male, 149 female) born to study participants. After adjustment for relevant covariates, in linear regression models stratified by infant sex, maternal age was positively associated with AGD in male infants (AGD, anus to penis: 0.50, P 0.002; AGD, anus to scrotum: 0.29, P 0.02) but not female infants. Parity was inversely associated with AGD (anus to scrotum; 1.68, P 0.03) in male infants. No other maternal characteristic predicted AGD in either sex. The mechanism underlying the unexpected relationship between maternal characteristics and AGD is unknown; however, we suggest several possibilities for future study.