Fear, food, sex and parental care:: a syndrome of boldness in the fishing spider, Dolomedes triton
Fear, food, sex and parental care:: a syndrome of boldness in the fishing spider, Dolomedes triton
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.02.006
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sih, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, J. Chadwick;Sih, Andrew
我们研究了在不同的发育和行为背景下，捕食蜘蛛D.Triton的反捕食者反应的个体差异。我们根据两个普遍的假设检验了我们的数据：(1)受惊吓的蜘蛛应该根据特定背景的变量(例如发育阶段、取食机会、交配机会、父母投资、身体状况等)来调节它们的大胆程度，和/或(2)单个蜘蛛的大胆程度将在不同背景下保持一致(即正相关)，这样在任何给定背景下的大胆程度都可以通过其他背景下的大胆程度来很好地预测。我们发现了一些支持前一种特定于情境的假说和强烈支持后一种“行为综合征”假说的支持。虽然蜘蛛在有猎物的情况下比没有猎物的时候要大胆得多，但大胆程度并不像预测的那样随着发育阶段、交配机会、父母的投资或条件而波动。取而代之的是，成年蜘蛛的大胆行为被一种跨功能背景的正相关大胆行为综合症很好地预测出来了。我们认为，动物行为最经常反映的是特定于背景的行为优化和行为综合征的背景通用表达的组合，正如在本实验中所看到的那样。我们进一步认为，在涵盖许多行为生态背景的广泛分类群中分离这两种一般机制的相对大小，将提供对(1)种群生态学(例如，入侵/害虫物种的成功和受威胁物种的失败)、(2)群落生态(例如，物种共存、营养动态)和(3)进化生态学(例如，多变量行为表型的进化)的重大见解。(C)2007年，动物行为研究协会。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。所有紧身衣保留。
We studied individual variation in the antipredator response of the fishing spider, D. triton, in a variety of developmental and behavioural contexts. We examined our data with respect to two general hypotheses: (1) startled spiders should modulate their boldness according to context-specific variables (e.g. developmental stage, feeding opportunities, mating opportunities, parental investment, body condition, etc.), and/or (2) an individual spider's boldness will be consistent (i.e. positively correlated) across contexts such that boldness in any given context is well predicted by boldness in other contexts. We found some support for the former, context-specific hypothesis and strong support for the latter, 'behavioural-syndromes' hypothesis. While spiders were significantly bolder in the presence versus absence of prey, boldness did not fluctuate with developmental stage, mating opportunities, parental investment or condition in the manner predicted. Instead, boldness in adult spiders was well predicted by a syndrome of positively correlated bold behaviours across functional contexts. We suggest that animal behaviour most often reflects a combination of context-specific behavioural optimization and context-general expression of behavioural syndromes, as was seen in this experiment. We further suggest that disentangling the relative magnitude of these two general mechanisms in a wide variety of taxa, covering many behavioural-ecological contexts, will provide great insights into (1) population ecology (e.g. the success of invasive/pest species and the failure of threatened species), (2) community ecology (e.g. species coexistence, trophic dynamics), and (3) evolutionary ecology (e.g. evolution of the multivariate behavioural phenotype). (C) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All tights reserved.