Effects of Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percent on Default Mode, Executive Control, and Salience Network Structure and Function.
Effects of Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percent on Default Mode, Executive Control, and Salience Network Structure and Function.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2016.00234
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Courtney SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Figley CR;Asem JS;Levenbaum EL;Courtney SM
众所周知，肥胖会降低整体预期寿命，并增加多种不良健康状况的风险。越来越多的证据表明，身体脂肪可能还与大脑结构和功能的变化、认知功能下降和冲动性增加有关。然而，之前报道的大脑结构和功能的差异在不同研究中存在差异，并且由于样本群体和方法学差异而难以协调。为了澄清这些问题，我们将两项独立的身体成分测量值（即体重指数 (BMI) 和体脂百分比 (BFP)）与从 32 名神经健康成年人组成的队列中获得的结构和功能神经影像数据相关联。全脑体素分析表明，较高的 BMI 和 BFP 与灰质体积、白质体积和白质微观结构（包括纹状体和眶额皮质等多个区域，可能影响价值评估、习惯形成和决策）的广泛减少有关。此外，对整个默认模式网络（DMN）、执行控制网络（ECN）和显着网络（SN）的静息状态功能连接、白质体积和白质微观结构的仔细检查表明，较高的BMI和BFP与所有三个网络（即DMN、ECN和SN）的SN功能连接增加和白质体积减少相关。总而言之，这些发现：（1）为超重个体的认知能力下降、冲动性增加和奖励处理改变提供了生物学上合理的解释；（2）表明神经生物学机制（即功能性和结构性大脑连接的改变）可能会影响超重个体建立和维持健康生活方式选择的能力。
It is well established that obesity decreases overall life expectancy and increases the risk of several adverse health conditions. Mounting evidence indicates that body fat is likely also associated with structural and functional brain changes, reduced cognitive function, and greater impulsivity. However, previously reported differences in brain structure and function have been variable across studies and difficult to reconcile due to sample population and methodological differences. To clarify these issues, we correlated two independent measures of body composition—i.e., body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent (BFP)—with structural and functional neuroimaging data obtained from a cohort of 32 neurologically healthy adults. Whole-brain voxel-wise analyses indicated that higher BMI and BFP were associated with widespread decreases in gray matter volume, white matter volume, and white matter microstructure (including several regions, such as the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, which may influence value assessment, habit formation, and decision-making). Moreover, closer examination of resting state functional connectivity, white matter volume, and white matter microstructure throughout the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN) revealed that higher BMI and BFP were associated with increased SN functional connectivity and decreased white matter volumes throughout all three networks (i.e., the DMN, ECN, and SN). Taken together, these findings: (1) offer a biologically plausible explanation for reduced cognitive performance, greater impulsivity, and altered reward processing among overweight individuals, and (2) suggest neurobiological mechanisms (i.e., altered functional and structural brain connectivity) that may affect overweight individuals' ability to establish and maintain healthy lifestyle choices.