ON THE CLOUDS OF BUBBLES FORMED BY BREAKING WIND-WAVES IN DEEP-WATER, AND THEIR ROLE IN AIR SEA GAS TRANSFER
ON THE CLOUDS OF BUBBLES FORMED BY BREAKING WIND-WAVES IN DEEP-WATER, AND THEIR ROLE IN AIR SEA GAS TRANSFER
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rsta.1982.0011
复制
发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
THORPE, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
THORPE, SA
通过使用倒置回声测深仪，可以在水面以下观察到风浪在深水中破裂并产生白浪所产生的小气泡云。气泡通过湍流扩散到表面以下几米，而不是自然上升的趋势。测量工作在两个地点进行，一处位于尼斯湖的淡水中，另一处位于苏格兰西北部奥班附近的海域。声波记录仪记录显示了两种不同类型的气泡云：当气温低于表面水温时，在不稳定或对流条件下出现的“柱状云”；当气温超过水温时，在稳定条件下出现的“滚滚云”。随着风速的增加，云层穿透得更深，在对流条件下云层穿透的深度比相同风速下稳定条件下的云层穿透得更深。对风速变化的响应仅在几分钟内发生。
Clouds of small bubbles generated by wind waves breaking and producing whitecaps in deep water have been observed below the surface by using an inverted echo sounder. The bubbles are diffused down to several metres below the surface by turbulence against their natural tendency to rise. Measurements have been made at two sites, one in fresh water at Loch Ness and the other in the sea near O ban, northwest Scotland. Sonagraph records show bubble clouds of two distinct types, ‘ columnar clouds’ which appear in unstable or convective conditions w hen the air temperature is less than the surface water temperature, and ‘ billow clouds ’ which appear in stable conditions w hen the air temperature exceeds that of the water. Clouds penetrate deeper as the wind speed increases, and deeper in convective conditions than in stable conditions at the same wind speed. The response to a change in w ind speed occurs in a period of only a few minutes.