Minimizing radiation-induced skin injury in interventional radiology procedures
Minimizing radiation-induced skin injury in interventional radiology procedures
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DOI：
10.1148/radiol.2252011414
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.7
通讯作者：
Georgia, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, DL;Balter, S;Georgia, JD
皮肤损伤是辐射的必然结果。一旦超过阈值剂量，皮肤上任何一点的辐射效应的严重程度都会随着剂量的增加而增加。峰值皮肤距离被定义为患者皮肤任何部分的最高剂量。减少峰值皮肤剂量可以减少皮肤损伤的可能性和类型。不幸的是，峰值皮肤剂量很难实时测量，目前大多数可用的透视系统不能为操作者提供足够的信息来最小化皮肤剂量。减少总辐射剂量的措施将减少峰值皮肤剂量，以及操作者和助手的剂量。这些措施包括通过控制技术因素来减少透视时间、获得的图像数量和剂量。特定的技术——剂量扩散和准直——既减少了峰值皮肤剂量，也减少了受峰值皮肤剂量影响的皮肤面积。为了获得最佳效果，皮肤剂量分布的实时知识是无价的。训练有素的操作人员使用维护良好的最先进的设备，可以在所有透视引导的程序中最大限度地减少皮肤峰值剂量。
Skin injury is a deterministic effect of radiation. Once a threshold dose has been exceeded, the severity of the radiation effect at any point on the Skin increases with increasing dose. Peak skin close is defined as the highest dose delivered to any portion of the patient's skin. Reducing peak skin dose can reduce the likelihood and type of skin injury. Unfortunately, peak skin dose is difficult to measure in real time, and most currently available fluoroscopic systems do not provide the operator with sufficient information to minimize skin dose. Measures that reduce total radiation dose will reduce peak skin dose, as well as dose to the operator and assistants. These measures include minimizing fluoroscopy time, the number of images obtained, and dose by controlling technical factors. Specific techniques-dose spreading and collimation-reduce both peak skin dose and the size of skin area subjected to peak skin dose. For optimum effect, real-time knowledge of skin-dose distribution is invaluable. A trained operator using well-maintained state-of-the art equipment can minimize peak skin dose in all fluoroscopically guided procedures.